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Topic Review
Trends in Agricultural Energy System
Agricultural energy system is a typical integrated cooling, heating and power system.
  • 897
  • 30 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Quad Flat No-leads Package
Flat no-leads packages such as quad-flat no-leads (QFN) and dual-flat no-leads (DFN) physically and electrically connect integrated circuits to printed circuit boards. Flat no-leads, also known as micro leadframe (MLF) and SON (small-outline no leads), is a surface-mount technology, one of several package technologies that connect ICs to the surfaces of PCBs without through-holes. Flat no-lead is a near chip scale plastic encapsulated package made with a planar copper lead frame substrate. Perimeter lands on the package bottom provide electrical connections to the PCB. Flat no-lead packages include an exposed thermal pad to improve heat transfer out of the IC (into the PCB). Heat transfer can be further facilitated by metal vias in the thermal pad. The QFN package is similar to the quad-flat package (QFP), and a ball grid array (BGA).
  • 896
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Energy Efficiency Improvement
The school buildings represent an energivorus sector of the real estate where different efficiency actions are necessary. Literature shows how the design of a multi-energy system offers numerous advantages, however, there are problems related to the integration of cogeneration units with renewable energy sources due to the low flexibility of the first one and the high degree of uncertainty of the latter. The authors provide an alternative solution through the analysis of a case study consisting of a Multiple Energy System on three Sicilian schools, focusing on the system's operational strategy, on design and sizing of components and trying to exploit the energy needs complementarity of buildings instead of integrating the conventional energy storage systems. Not considering school activities in summer, it was decided to install a cogeneration unit sized on winter thermal loads, whereas the electricity demand not covered was reduced with photovoltaic systems designed to maximizing production for seasonal use and with loads concentrated in the morning hours. The effectiveness of this idea, which can be replicated for similar users and areas, is proved by a payback-time less than 11 years and a reduction of 31.77%, of the CO2 emissions.
  • 896
  • 10 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Fault Detection in DHC Systems
Peak shaving, demand response, fast fault detection, emissions and costs reduction are some of the main objectives to meet in advanced district heating and cooling (DHC) systems. In order to enhance the operation of infrastructures, challenges such as supply temperature reduction and load uncertainty with the development of algorithms and technologies are growing. Therefore, traditional control strategies and diagnosis approaches cannot achieve these goals. Accordingly, to address these shortcomings, researchers have developed plenty of innovative methods based on their applications and features. The main purpose of this article is to review recent publications that include both hard and soft computing implementations such as model predictive control and machine learning algorithms with applications also on both fourth and fifth generation district heating and cooling networks. 
  • 896
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Abrasive Waterjet Machining
Abrasive Waterjet Machining (AWJM) is considered a viable alternative to conventional machining processes, due to its capability of rendering even complex features on parts with high productivity. However, it is currently also important for manufacturing processes to comply with the various aspects of sustainability, by putting emphasis on the environmental dimension apart from the economic. Although AWJM generally is considered an inherently environmentally friendly process, it is required that thorough experimental studies be carried out to evaluate the sustainability of AWJM under various conditions. 
  • 895
  • 14 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Fractional Calculus in Electromagnetic Theory
Fractional calculus (FC) was introduced more than 300 years ago as a generalization of classical derivative and integral definitions. It is receiving increasing attention for a growing number of applications in different sciences such as physics, biology, chemistry, engineering, finance, mechanics, optics and, in particular, for modeling physical phenomena related to non-Markovian processes, signal and image processing, dielectric relaxation, viscoelasticity, electromagnetism, control theory, pharmacokinetics, fluids, heat transfer, and so on.
  • 895
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Nanofiber Polymers for Biomedical Applications
The features of the nanofibers (NFs) that are used to coat biomedical Ti-based implants are predominantly dependent on the type of polymer employed. Applicable polymers are categorized as either natural or synthetic based on their source and composition. Natural polymers, namely cellulose, collagen, gelatin, chitosan, chitin, dextrose and silk fibroin, have been electrospun into NF scaffolds.
  • 895
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogen-Assisted Aging Applied to Storage and Sealing Materials
Hydrogen is a possible alternative to fossil fuels in achieving a sustainable energy future. Unlike other, older energy sources, the suitability of materials for storing, distributing, and sealing systems in a hydrogen environment has not been comprehensively studied. Aging, the extended exposure of a material to an environmental condition, with hydrogen causes degradation and damage to materials that differ from other technologies. Improved understanding of the physical and chemical mechanisms of degradation due to a gaseous hydrogen atmosphere allows to better select and develop materials that are best suited to carrier and sealing applications. Damage to materials from aging is inevitable with exposure to high-pressure hydrogen.
  • 895
  • 16 Oct 2023
Biography
José António Tenreiro Machado
Professor José António Tenreiro Machado, (see figure 1) was passionate about science. This manuscript intends to present his main research interests, pointing to the most relevant work that was published throughout his life. Moreover, a brief description of his early life and international academic career are also presented. His contributions to control, robotics, modeling, complex systems a
  • 894
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
AKG
AKG Acoustics (originally Akustische und Kino-Geräte Gesellschaft m.b.H., English: Acoustic and Cinema Equipment L.L.C.) is an acoustics engineering and manufacturing company. It was founded in 1947 by Dr. Rudolf Görike and Ernest Plass in Vienna, Austria. It is a part of Harman International Industries, a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics. The products currently marketed under the AKG brand mostly consist of microphones, headphones, wireless audio systems and related accessories for professional and consumer markets.
  • 895
  • 20 Oct 2022
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