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Topic Review
Control Algorithms of Agriculture Autonomous All-Terrain Vehicles
This review paper discusses the development trends of agricultural autonomous all-terrain vehicles (AATVs) from four cornerstones, such as (1) control strategy and algorithms, (2) sensors, (3) data communication tools and systems, and (4) controllers and actuators, based on 221 papers published in peer-reviewed journals for 1960–2023. The paper highlights a comparative analysis of commonly employed control methods and algorithms by highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It gives comparative analyses of sensors, data communication tools, actuators, and hardware-embedded controllers. In recent years, many novel developments in AATVs have been made due to advancements in wireless and remote communication, high-speed data processors, sensors, computer vision, and broader applications of AI tools. Technical advancements in fully autonomous control of AATVs remain limited, requiring research into accurate estimation of terrain mechanics, identifying uncertainties, and making fast and accurate decisions, as well as utilizing wireless communication and edge cloud computing. Furthermore, most of the developments are at the research level and have many practical limitations due to terrain and weather conditions.  
  • 86
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Industry 5.0 Concepts
Although the concept of Industry 5.0 is relatively new, companies from developed countries that have a high level of implementation of Industry 4.0 have already started the transition to Industry 5.0. Even though Industry 5.0 enables developing countries to become a part of developed countries’ value chains, it is not known which path to Industry 5.0 developing countries are taking. 
  • 143
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Hydrogen Electrolyzer
Hydrogen energy is regarded as an ideal solution for addressing climate change issues and an indispensable part of future integrated energy systems. The electrolyzer (EL) is the key equipment and is the interface between electrical energy and hydrogen energy in the water electrolysis (WE) process.
  • 196
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Spatial Knowledge Acquisition in Large-Scale Environments
The research emphasizes the critical role of spatial cognition in understanding urban travel behaviors. It discusses how individuals' spatial experiences and cognitive maps shape their perception and interaction with their surroundings, influencing navigation, route planning, and travel decisions. The emergence of small electric vehicles (SEVs) is highlighted as a sustainable urban transport option, necessitating an understanding of spatial cognition for effective integration. Affordance and spatial learning stages are explored, elucidating how the physical environment and individual experiences contribute to spatial knowledge acquisition. The research explores the relationship between spatial experience and travel attitudes, emphasizing the influence of the cognitive built environment on travel motivations. It discusses the importance of spatial knowledge in trip planning and activity-travel patterns, especially in the context of SEVs and their constraints. Various techniques for investigating cognitive maps are reviewed, underscoring the significance of understanding spatial cognition for improving transportation modeling and enhancing urban mobility. Overall, the research provides a comprehensive overview of spatial cognition's impact on travel behaviors and its implications for urban transport planning.
  • 161
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Laminar Jamming and Their Applications in Robotics
Robots with variable stiffness links are an emerging paradigm in robotics and have captured the interest of the scientific community in fields such as soft robotics and medical devices. Laminar jamming (LJ) is a promising technology for facilitating variable stiffness in robotics.
  • 135
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Integrated Approaches for Effective Utility Management
Water distribution systems are challenging to manage because they comprise complex networks with large numbers of interacting pipes, pumps, valves, and controls. These components are mostly hidden, usually of mixed ages and conditions, and management programs for maintenance and renewal are often inadequate. Despite these challenges and complexities, distribution systems are expected to deliver pressurized safe drinking water to households and other sites on a reliable basis. Comprehensive and integrated approaches to managing distribution systems are needed, but they face barriers due to the realities of variable management capacities in utility organizations around the world. The variation in these capacities to manage water utilities is a great barrier to improved management of all water subsystems, and it poses challenges to distribution system management because of their greater complexity. Another issue is posed by the difficulty of recruiting and equipping a capable workforce for the multiplexed problems of managing distribution systems.
  • 197
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Risk Management of Subway Shield and Text Mining
Among the construction methods for subway projects, shield method construction technology has become a more widely used construction method for urban subway construction due to the advantages of a high degree of construction mechanization, low impact of the construction process on the environment, and strong adaptability of the shield machine to the stratum, etc. However, because of the complexity of the surrounding buildings (structures) in the subway construction, coupled with the diversity of the subway shield method construction activities and the uncertainties in the construction environment, to a certain extent, it is determined that the subway construction process is very complicated.
  • 126
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Can Climate Change be Mitigated through Modular Construction?
Modular construction (MC) is a promising concept with the potential to revolutionize the construction industry (CI). The sustainability aspects of MC, among its other encouraging facets, have garnered escalated interest and acclaim among the research community, especially in the context of climate change (CC) mitigation efforts. 
  • 281
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Natural Gas Hydrate
As a typical unconventional energy reservoir, natural gas hydrate is believed to be the most promising alternative for conventional resources in future energy patterns. The exploitation process of natural gas hydrate comprises a hydrate phase state, heat and mass transfer, and multi-phase seepage. Therefore, the study of heat transfer characteristics of gas hydrate is of great significance for an efficient exploitation of gas hydrate.
  • 97
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Development of the Cogeneration Sector in Spain
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) has been identified by the EU as a powerful resource capable of making substantial contributions to energy savings and reducing GHG emissions. Spain’s effort to promote CHP has been prolific since the 1980s. In this regard, there have been various Laws, Royal Decrees (RDs) and European Union (EU) Directives addressed to reach the national objectives set for the CHP sector. Despite these attempts, the evolution and growth of installed CHP capacity has been irregular, compared to other technologies. Likewise, the academic treatment of the Spanish CHP evolution has not deserved the same attention as other technologies such as wind, photovoltaic and thermal solar systems. As a result, this article is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the regulatory frameworks applied to the Spanish CHP sector and analysing the reasons behind the variable evolution of the installed CHP capacity.
  • 184
  • 20 Feb 2024
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