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Topic Review
TiO2
TiO2 probably plays the most important role in photocatalysis due to its excellent chemical and physical properties. However, the band gap of TiO2 corresponds to the Ultraviolet (UV) region, which is inactive under visible irradiation. At present, TiO2 has become activated in the visible light region by metal and nonmetal doping and the fabrication of composites. Recently, nano-TiO2 has attracted much attention due to its characteristics of larger specific surface area and more exposed surface active sites. nano-TiO2 has been obtained in many morphologies such as ultrathin nanosheets, nanotubes, and hollow nanospheres.
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Desalination in Mexico
Since the sixteenth century, water desalination systems have been developed. Mexico is a country that faces a severe water shortage, mainly due to its territorial extension, because the concentration of water resources is located in the southern zone of the country, while the main industrial activity is carried out in the north (which presents scarcity conditions). The distance and the technical limitations of transporting water between the northern and southern zones make water desalination the main tool to combat water stress in Mexico.
  • 2.0K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Reversible Hydrogen Storage
In the field of energy storage, recently investigated nanocomposites show promise in terms of high hydrogen uptake and release with enhancement in the reaction kinetics. Among several, carbonaceous nanovariants like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, and graphitic nanofibers reveal reversible hydrogen sorption characteristics at 77 K, due to their van der Waals interaction. The spillover mechanism combining Pd nanoparticles on the host metal-organic framework (MOF) show at room temperature uptake of hydrogen. Metal or complex hydrides either in the nanocomposite form and its subset, nanocatalyst dispersed alloy phases illustrate the concept of nanoengineering and nanoconfinement of particles with tailor-made properties for reversible hydrogen storage. Another class of materials comprising polymeric nanostructures such as conducting polyaniline and their functionalized nanocomposites are versatile hydrogen storage materials because of their unique size, high specific surface-area, pore-volume, and bulk properties. The salient features of nanocomposite materials for reversible hydrogen storage are reviewed and discussed.
  • 2.0K
  • 22 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Working Principle of Hydraulic Control System
Hydraulic control systems are a feedback control system that uses hydraulic components as control and execution components, and hydraulic oil as the working medium for energy transmission. The movement of hydraulic actuators refers to the system output (including displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force), which is transmitted to the controller through feedback components. The input signal of the control component is adjusted according to the error size, so that the system output can automatically, quickly, and accurately track the system input instructions. Hydraulic control systems are classified into pump-controlled hydraulic control systems and valve-controlled hydraulic control systems based on their various control modes and valve components.
  • 2.0K
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Fuzzy Logic Control for Refrigeration Systems
Logic fuzzy systems are based on the human ability to think, which has allowed controllers to adapt better to systems by finding an approximation to their real behavior.
  • 2.0K
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Fruit and Smart Packaging
Smart packaging of fresh produce is an emerging technology targeting the reduction of waste and the preservation of consumer health and safety. Smart packaging systems also help to prolong the shelf life of perishable foods during transport and mass storage, which are difficult to regulate. The use of these ever-progressing technologies in the packaging of fruits has the potential to result in many positive consequences, including improved fruit quality, reduced waste, higher consumer confidence and associated improved public health. 
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
JTD Engine
Multijet is Fiat Chrysler Automobiles' term for its current common rail direct injection turbodiesel engine range. Most of the Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia range as well as certain Chrysler, RAM Trucks, Jeep and Maserati vehicles are equipped with Multijet engines. Ownership of some Fiat Multijet designs is shared with General Motors as part of a settlement of the failed merger between the two auto conglomerates. GM Powertrain Torino group in Turin, Italy manages their interest in these engines. Some PSA Peugeot Citroën diesel engines are also rebadged JTD units, and vice versa. Fiat's common rail diesel engine is also known as JTD, an initialism of Jet Turbo Diesel.
  • 2.0K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Capital Centre
The Capital Centre (later USAir Arena and US Airways Arena) was an indoor arena in the eastern United States, located in Landover, Maryland, east of Washington, D.C. Opened in late 1973, it closed in 1999, and was demolished in 2002. The seating capacity was 18,756 for basketball and 18,130 for hockey. The elevation at street level was approximately 160 feet (50 m) above sea level. The U.S. Census Bureau defined the land, later occupied by The Boulevard at the Capital Centre, as being in the Mitchellville census-designated place as of the 1990 U.S. Census, while in the 2000 U.S. Census the area was placed in the Lake Arbor CDP.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Architecture of Dima System
One of the most recent manifestations of avionics system is Distributed Integrated Modular Avionics (DIMA).  The study of DIMA architecture is essential when considering two levels of mappings, that is (1) software modules to hardware components, and (2) hardware components to installation locations. This entry describes the hierarchical design of DIMA, including system layer, hardware layer and installation layer that are linked with a group of constraints and quality measures.
  • 2.0K
  • 26 Apr 2020
Topic Review
Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors
Due to the improvement of living standards, people’s attention to health has gradually increased. More and more people are willing to spend money and time on health management. The vital signs monitoring system based on fiber optic interferometers, including the design of sensor structures, signal demodulation methods and data analysis. After a large number of trials, the system can achieve long-term stable heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) and body temperature monitoring, and the collected data can be used for health analysis. Due to the high sensitivity, low cost, and light weight of the interferometric fiber optic sensor, it can be integrated under a mattress or a cushion, which is very suitable for daily use. The system has great application prospects in the field of healthcare. 
  • 2.0K
  • 26 Jan 2022
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