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Topic Review
Prefabricated Industrial Steel Buildings
Compared to traditional onsite steel construction, prefabricated industrial steel construction (PFISC) saves time, money, and resources. It results in sustainable steel structures that use fewer resources and are better for the environment.
  • 824
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Cool Roofs
The use of white roofing material is a suggestion because of its cooling, evaporative and efficiency characteristics compared to traditional black roofing materials. Many research studies have shown that the darker roofing surfaces that are prevalent in many urban areas actually can increase temperature by 1 to 3 degrees Celsius to the environment surrounding these urban areas. Additionally, improved temperature control and heat reflection also work to reduce the energy requirements for the interior spaces of the structures that have white roofing surfaces. The white or lighter colored roofs tend to reflect a part of the solar radiation that strikes the roof’s surface. Consequently, one might believe that white roofing material would be commonplace and especially so within emerging economies. Yet, this is hardly the case at all. 
  • 824
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Delamination-and Electromigration-Related Failures
The reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules operating under various weather conditions attracts the manufacturer’s concern since several studies reveal a degradation rate higher than 0.8% per year for the silicon-based technology and reached up to 2.76% per year in a harsh climate. The lifetime of the PV modules is decreased because of numerous degradation modes. Electromigration and delamination are two failure modes that play a significant role in PV modules’ output power losses. The correlations of these two phenomena are not sufficiently explained and understood like other failures such as corrosion and potential-induced degradation. 
  • 824
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Serious Energy Games
Serious energy games (SEGs) as interactive experiences that engage users to various energy applications are gaining prominence as an innovative approach, particularly in the realm of energy usage, distributed generation, and interaction with energy markets.
  • 823
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Factors envolved in Coal Slurry Flocculation Process
Coal slurry is a mixture of finely grained coal and other minerals suspended and/or sediment in the water, generated during the coal preparation processes, accounting for more than half of mining operating cost. Dewatering technology is simultaneously confronted with obstacles and possibilities, and it may yet be improved as the crucial step for reducing the ultimate processing cost. Coagulation/flocculation is a process in which solid and liquid parts of a solution are separated using different types of coagulants and flocculants.
  • 823
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Smartphone-Based Biosensor Devices for Healthcare
Electrochemical biosensors are undoubtedly the most popular among POC devices due to their high sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, and reliability. The development of these electrochemical devices has continued to grow exponentially since Clark designed the first enzymatic glucose biosensor, which was then improved and became the most commercialized healthcare biosensor. Electrochemical biosensors that use smartphones received great attention as they use a friendly semi-automated user interface with minimum extra tailored hardware. They can also be used at home, offering an interesting, cost-effective alternative.
  • 823
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Residual Biomass Resources in Kazakhstan
Agricultural, animal and municipal solid waste are available to produce energy in Kazakhstan based on combustion technologies; however, animal waste and agricultural are the main potential sources with 61.02% and 38.34% of the theoretical total biomass potential energy analyses, respectively. Inadequate disposal of residual biomass can cause soil contamination, compromise the quality of water resources and promote environmental disturbances among species. As a consequence, the residual biomass before its final disposal needs to undergo an appropriate treatment process to reduce its potential environmental risk. Residual biomass from agricultural, animal and solid waste has been considered for energy production in Kazakhstan, to be incorporated into existing fuel storage and handling systems and be co-fired. Energy valorization from residual biomass would also be a key component in waste management into valuable products in a circular economy.
  • 823
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Euclidean Graphs as Curvilinear Feature Descriptors
Euclidean graphs are an ideal data structure for the functional description of line-shaped features in digital images such as cracks as they convey both geometrical and topological information about the object path in a compact and integrated format, enabling the development of autonomous, highly tuned algorithms for identification, selection, analysis, comparison and archiving of the identified objects.
  • 822
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Bond Strength Deterioration Due to Corrosion
Corrosion of the reinforcement affects more than the cross-sectional area of the rebar. The volume of steel also increases due to expansive corrosion products, leading to the cracking, delamination, and spalling of concrete. As a result, the bond capacity between concrete and rebar is affected. Researchers have extensively examined the impact of corrosion on the bond strength between concrete and rebar to propose empirical, theoretical, or numerical predictive models.
  • 822
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Meo (Telecommunication Service)
MEO is a mobile and fixed telecommunications service and brand from Altice Portugal (formerly Portugal Telecom), managed by MEO - Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia. The service was piloted in Lisbon in 2006 and was later extended to Porto and Castelo Branco.
  • 821
  • 03 Nov 2022
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