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Topic Review
Digital Twin Smart Cities for Disaster Risk Management
It is widely accepted that digital and intelligence technologies can help solve key aspects of disaster risk management such as disaster prevention and mitigation, and rescue and recovery. Digital Twin (DT) is one of the most promising technologies for multi-stage management which offers significant potential to advance disaster resilience. Smart Cities (SCs) use pervasive information and communications technology to monitor activities in the city. With increasingly large applications of DTs combined with big data generated from sensors in a SC, it is possible to create Digital Twin Smart Cities (DTSCs).
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Green Corrosion Inhibitors in RCC Corrosion
Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) is a versatile material that deteriorates over time due to corrosion when exposed to any surrounding aggressive environment. In order to avoid this ramification, many researchers have carried out different works to find the most feasible way to reduce corrosion. To tackle this at the initial stage itself, one such convenient method is through the application of inhibitors. These inhibitors have the most applications in their use as an admixture. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bluetooth 5.1
Bluetooth 5.1 allows producers to create location applications based on the Angle of Departure (AoD) and the Angle of Arrival (AoA). Accordingly, it is conceivable to design proper Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS), for instance, for the traceability of resources, assets, and people.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Jun 2021
Topic Review
High Pressure Processing for Gelatinization and Nutrients Infusion
High pressure processing (HPP) is a novel technology that involves subjecting foods to high hydrostatic pressures of the order of 100–600 MPa. This technology has been proven successful for inactivation of numerous microorganisms, spores and enzymes in foods, leading to increased shelf life. HPP is not limited to cold pasteurization but has many other applications. The focus of this entry is to explore other applications of HPP, such as gelatinization, forced water absorption and infusion of nutrients. The use of high pressure in producing cold gelatinizing effects, imparting unique properties to food and improving food quality has also been discussed, highlighting the latest published studies and the innovative methods adopted.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Large-Scale Li-Ion Battery in Mining Industry
The lithium-ion battery (LIB) has the advantages of high energy density, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, fast charging rate and low maintenance costs. It is one of the most widely used chemical energy storage devices at present. The safety of LIB is the main factor that restricts its commercial scalable application, specifically in hazardous environments such as underground coal mines.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jun 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Exsolution Catalysts—Increasing Metal Efficiency
Exsolution catalysts are perovskite oxide-based materials that can exsolve catalytically active dopant elements as nanoparticles covering the surface, while the perovskite backbone can act as a stable support material. Thus, under proper conditions, a highly catalytically active and stable catalyst surface can be achieved. For many catalytic materials, precious metals or non-abundant elements play a key role in high catalytic activity. As these elements are often expensive or their supply is ecologically and ethically problematic, the replacement, or at the least reduction in the necessary amount used, is a common aim of current research. One strategy to do so is utilizing exsolution catalysts, as the active elements can be very selectively exsolved, and hence only very small doping amounts are sufficient for excellent results. This approach enables catalyst design with very high active metal efficiency.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Aluminum-Si Alloys
Aluminum alloys are at the pinnacle of the light metal world, especially in the automotive and aerospace industries.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Visualization Techniques in Building Energy Simulation and Monitoring
Data visualization has become relevant in the framework of the evolution of big data analysis. Being able to understand data collected in a dynamic, interactive, and personalized way allows for better decisions to be made when optimizing and improving performance. Although its importance is known, there is a gap in the research regarding its design, choice criteria, and uses in the field of building energy consumption. Therefore, the state-of-the-art of visualization techniques used in the field of energy performance, in particular by considering two types of building analysis: simulation and monitoring are discussed. Likewise, data visualizations are categorized according to goals, level of detail and target users. Visualization tools published in the scientific literature, as well as those currently used in the IoT platforms and visualization software, were analyzed. The overview can be used as a starting point when choosing the most efficient data visualization for a specific type of building energy analysis.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Cylinder (Engine)
A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast iron before receiving precision machine work. Cylinders may be sleeved (lined with a harder metal) or sleeveless (with a wear-resistant coating such as Nikasil). A sleeveless engine may also be referred to as a "parent-bore engine". A cylinder's displacement, or swept volume, can be calculated by multiplying its cross-sectional area (the square of half the bore by pi) by the distance the piston travels within the cylinder (the stroke). The engine displacement can be calculated by multiplying the swept volume of one cylinder by the number of cylinders. Presented symbolically, A piston is seated inside each cylinder by several metal piston rings fitted around its outside surface in machined grooves; typically two for compressional sealing and one to seal the oil. The rings make near contact with the cylinder walls (sleeved or sleeveless), riding on a thin layer of lubricating oil; essential to keep the engine from seizing and necessitating a cylinder wall's durable surface. During the earliest stage of an engine's life, its initial breaking-in or running-in period, small irregularities in the metals are encouraged to gradually form congruent grooves by avoiding extreme operating conditions. Later in its life, after mechanical wear has increased the spacing between the piston and the cylinder (with a consequent decrease in power output) the cylinders may be machined to a slightly larger diameter to receive new sleeves (where applicable) and piston rings, a process sometimes known as reboring.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Glycerol in nano oxides synthesis
The transformation of biomass and the utilization of all the by products derived from chemical conversion of biomass resources is one of the most important challenges nowadays. The impact in society and the level of awareness that already exists inside and outside the scientific community, makes the challenge of improving conversion of biomass to commodities a hot topic. Glycerol, a by-product obtained from the biodiesel production, is a key player compound due to its chemical versatility. The possibility of being used as solvent, reagent, reducing agent (in the polyol method), and so forth, makes glycerol an extremely appealing commodity. When used within nanotechnology, namely combined with nanomaterials, its potential becomes even higher.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Dec 2020
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