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Topic Review
AxBy Intermetallics for hydrogen storage
AxBy intermetallics show outstanding performances, notably for stationary hydrogen storage applications. Elemental substitution, whether on the A or B site of these alloys, allows the effective tailoring of key properties such as gravimetric density, equilibrium pressure, hysteresis and cyclic stability for instance.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Feb 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 Spread Faster with HVAC
Droplets and aerosolized viral particles expelling from the body through coughing or sneezing and it is spreading to nearby surroundings. CFD model has been developed to simulate the air flow and the transport and dispersion of the aerosolized viral particles and fine droplets suspended in the air particles through the office. The study presents two cases involving the spreading limits and pathways of the aerosolized viral particles and fine droplets suspended in the air in a place; without and with air conditioning unit. The results showed that the use of air conditioning systems can increase the chances of spreading COVID-19 virus infection. The air-conditioning unit recirculates the same air inside a room, and this has the potential to create a virus-laden environment. Air circulation indoors such as using air conditioning units should be avoided in closed places. Existing ventilation systems should be expanded to include extraction and air filtration systems and/or germicidal, ultraviolet light. Also, opening a window can help bring in fresh air from the outside and disperse stale air inside, and that could help reduce the possibility of the spread of the virus particles in the closed place. Lastly, crowds of people in closed public places should be avoided (HVAC: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning).
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Cyber Mimic Defense
From the inspiration of defensive guise behaviors based on mimic phenomenon in biology, Cyber Mimic Defense (CMD) introduces the mechanism of dynamic multi-dimensional reconfiguration into a dissimilar redundancy structure (DRS) which is widely used in the field of reliability. It addresses certain or uncertain threats in cyberspace by the principle of uncertain defense, and provides the strategic varieties and transformations of DRS elements inside objects in quantity or type, time or space dimension under the condition of unchanged visual functions. It provides a generally innovative defense theory and method to deal with the “known unknown risk” and “unknown unknown risk” which exist in related application levels of different areas of cyberspace and are based on unknown vulnerabilities, backdoors, viruses, Trojans, etc. This method can provide not only endogenous security gains which are independent of traditional security means and achieved via integrated structural technologies for critical infrastructures or key information equipment, but also resilient or restorable service ability with intensive attributes inherited from the architecture. Further it acquires super nonlinear effects combining mature defense technologies. It's aimed at creating a non-closed, self-controlled and sustainable-developed ecological environment which adapts to globalization technologies and industrial development models and integrates with win-win cooperation and open sources.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Lightweight Aggregates Made from Pozzolanic Material
Production of artificial lightweight aggregate incorporating waste materials or pozzolanic materials is advantageous and beneficial in terms of being environmentally friendly, as well as lowering carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, additives, such as geopolymer, have been introduced as one of the alternative construction materials that have been proven to have excellent properties.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Operating Principles of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) sensors are increasingly commercially available and are, one of the most popular sensors from the fiber optic sensing family, having found use in a variety of industrial and research applications. A conventional FBG sensor is made up of a specially fabricated small and flexible segment imprinted into the core of a single-mode optical fiber.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Haptic Assistive Driving Systems with Human Operators
With the availability of modern assistive techniques, ambient intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT), various innovative assistive environments have been developed, such as driving assistance systems (DAS), where the human driver can be provided with physical and emotional assistance. In this human–machine collaboration system, haptic interaction interfaces are commonly employed because they provide drivers with a more manageable way to interact with other components. From the view of control system theory, this is a typical closed-loop feedback control system with a human in the loop. To make such a system work effectively, both the driving behaviour factors, and the electrical–mechanical components should be considered. However, the main challenge is how to deal with the high degree of uncertainties in human behaviour. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Application of Hydrogen Storage Tanks
The most practical way of storing hydrogen gas for fuel cell vehicles is to use a composite overwrapped pressure vessel. Depending on the driving distance range and power requirement of the vehicles, there can be various operational pressure and volume capacity of the tanks, ranging from passenger vehicles to heavy-duty trucks. The current commercial hydrogen storage method for vehicles involves storing compressed hydrogen gas in high-pressure tanks at pressures of 700 bar for passenger vehicles and 350 bar to 700 bar for heavy-duty trucks. In particular, hydrogen is stored in rapidly refillable onboard tanks, meeting the driving range needs of heavy-duty applications, such as regional and line-haul trucking.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Photonic Sensors
Photonic Sensors (PS) are the set of devices/systems designed to carry out the faithful reproduction of the measurand in the electrical domain using photonic technologies in their key sensor parts.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Opto-physiological monitoring
Opto-physiological monitoring (OPM) considers biological tissue  as a set of optical media, study how light interacts within biological tissue, where the optical properties of the latter reflect the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of the living organism. OPM includes optoelectronic sensor based contact monitoring and image sensor based remote monitoring.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Additives Used in Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion involves the degradation of a biodegradable substance, such as sewage sludge by anaerobic microorganisms in an oxygen-free system.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Mar 2023
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