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Topic Review
Antifungal Drugs against Paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a neglected disease that causes economic and social impacts, mainly affecting people of certain social segments, such as rural workers. The limitations of antifungals, such as toxicity, drug interactions, restricted routes of administration, and the reduced bioavailability in target tissues, have become evident in clinical settings. These factors, added to the fact that Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) therapy is a long process, lasting from months to years, emphasize the need for the research and development of new molecules.
  • 518
  • 16 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for Fungi
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are associated with high mortality rates and timely appropriate antifungal therapy is essential for good outcomes. Emerging antifungal resistance among Candida and Aspergillus spp., the major causes of IFI, is concerning and has led to the increasing incorporation of in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) to guide clinical decisions.
  • 740
  • 10 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Antifungal Therapy
Antifungals (also referred to as antimycotics) are the type of antibiotics used to treat fungal infections. In contrast to bacteria, fungi are eukaryotic organisms; thus fungal cells are very similar to our own cells. Because of this there is a limited number of selective targets and the current arsenal of antifungal drugs is very limited, which contributes to high mortality rates. In addition, development of resistance against current antifungals poses additional challenges. Clearly, new antifungal agents are urgently needed. 
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Antihypertensives’ around the Clock
Although homeostasis is a commonly accepted concept, there is incontrovertible evidence that biological processes and functions are variable, and that variability occurs in cycles. So allostatic model has emerged as the first challenge to homeostasis. Circadian variation is the predominant variation in the body. As there is strong scientific and clinical evidence that blood pressure fluctuations undergo circadian rhythm, there is equally strong evidence that targeted time therapy for hypertension provides a better outcome of the disease. The research has gone even further by ensuring better patients' adherence throughout the development and approval process for the use of pulsatile drug release systems which can be considered as an option for an even more convenient dosage regimen of the medicines needed.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
Antimetabolite Drug
Methotrexate (4-{N-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl) methyl]-N-methylamino} benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid, MTX) is an antimetabolite drug. It is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis and some sorts of leukemia. MTX is a relatively well-known molecule and is a first-line antirheumatic medication because of its efficacy and safety. It decreases the concentration of tetrahydrofolate (THF) in the cells by the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme, therefore it reduces the purine nucleotide and DNA synthesis.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Peptides-Silver Nanoparticles for Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus
Antibiotics are regarded as a miracle in the medical field as it prevents disease caused by pathogenic bacteria. Since the discovery of penicillin, antibiotics have become the foundation for modern medical discoveries. However, bacteria soon became resistant to antibiotics, which puts a burden on the healthcare system. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the most prominent antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the world since 1961. MRSA primarily developed resistance to beta-lactamases antibiotics and can be easily spread in the healthcare system. Thus, alternatives to combat MRSA are urgently required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an innate host immune agent and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are gaining interest as alternative treatments against MRSA. Both agents have broad-spectrum properties which are suitable candidates for controlling MRSA. Although both agents can exhibit antimicrobial effects independently, the combination of both can be synergistic and complementary to each other to exhibit stronger antimicrobial activity. The combination of AMPs and AgNPs also reduces their own weaknesses as their own, which can be developed as a potential agent to combat antibiotic resistance especially towards MRSA. 
  • 532
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Properties of Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae
Since ancient times, various scientists and doctors have utilized different herbs to heal diseases. Due to the rise in drug resistance and the negative effects of chemosynthetic drugs, researchers and the general public around the world have become more interested in medicinal herbs and plant metabolites/extracts. This is due to its non-toxicity and its several health benefits when used to treat diseases in clinical and medical settings. Ocimum basilicum is one such plant, possessing a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroids and glycosides, as well as complex pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing and antiviral properties.
  • 216
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Antimicrobial/Antiviral Potential of Cannabinoids and Cannabis sativa
Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a global health crisis and, therefore, new drug discovery is a paramount need. Cannabis sativa contains hundreds of chemical constituents produced by secondary metabolism, exerting outstanding antimicrobial, antiviral, and therapeutic properties.
  • 669
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Antioxidant Activities of Natural Polysaccharides and their Derivatives
Natural polysaccharides are a type of natural biomacromolecule found in plants, fungi, algae, animals, and bacteria. Due to their nontoxic, stable, biodegradable, biocompatibility, and excellent antioxidant activity, natural polysaccharides contribute to the potential value in treating or preventing disease caused by oxidative stress. Polysaccharides can reduce the damage to the cell structure, regulate the signal pathways related to antioxidation, improve the intracellular antioxidant enzyme system, reduce the substances that easily produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protect the body tissue from ROS-induced damage through free radical scavenging activity and immunomodulatory activity. Natural polysaccharides play an irreplaceable therapeutic role and have received more and more attention. Publications related to natural polysaccharides are also increasing.
  • 431
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Antioxidant Activity of Coumarins
Ubiquitously present in plant life, coumarins have multiple applications—in everyday life, in organic synthesis, in medicine and many others. They are well known for their broad spectrum of physiological effects. The specific structure of the coumarin scaffold involves a conjugated system with excellent charge and electron transport properties. The antioxidant activity of natural coumarins has been a subject of intense study for at least two decades. Significant research into the antioxidant behavior of natural/semi-synthetic coumarins and their complexes has been carried out and published in scientific literature.
  • 402
  • 11 May 2023
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