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Topic Review
Asthma-Polycystic Ovary Overlap Syndrome
Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease characterized by abnormalities in immune response. Due to the inherent complexity of the disease and the presence of comorbidities, asthma control is often difficult to obtain. In asthmatic patients, an increased prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, obesity, and insulin resistance has been reported.
  • 411
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Metabolites from Pericarps of Garcinia mangostana
Two new benzophenones and five known metabolites were purified from Garcinia mangostana ((GM) pericarps. They were characterized by various spectral techniques. Compounds 6 and 7 displayed AAI activity. They also exhibited highly negative docking scores, when complexed with 5TD4. Their complexes with the α-amylase were found to be stable over the course of 50 ns. These results supported the previous reports that GM can potentially represent an appealing treatment of diabetes and its related disorders.
  • 410
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis
Glucosamine is a water-soluble amino monosaccharide available in two forms (glucosamine sulphate and glucosamine hydrochloride), which is a normal constituent of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cartilage matrix and in the synovial fluid and consequently present in high quantities in articular cartilage. It is a constituent of keratan sulphate. Chondroitin is a major component of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage, which played an important role in creating considerable osmotic pressure. In this way, it could provide cartilage with resistance and elasticity to resist tensile stresses during loading conditions.
  • 409
  • 31 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Antioxidant Activity of Coumarins
Ubiquitously present in plant life, coumarins have multiple applications—in everyday life, in organic synthesis, in medicine and many others. They are well known for their broad spectrum of physiological effects. The specific structure of the coumarin scaffold involves a conjugated system with excellent charge and electron transport properties. The antioxidant activity of natural coumarins has been a subject of intense study for at least two decades. Significant research into the antioxidant behavior of natural/semi-synthetic coumarins and their complexes has been carried out and published in scientific literature.
  • 409
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Cyclic Peptides in Pipeline
Cyclic peptides are molecules that are already used as drugs in therapies approved for various pharmacological activities, for example, as antibiotics, antifungals, anticancer, and immunosuppressants. Interest in these molecules has been growing due to the improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the cyclic structure over linear peptides and by the evolution of chemical synthesis, computational, and in vitro methods.
  • 409
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Stabilization of Essential Oil
Essential oils (EOs) have stability problems, including volatility, oxidation, photosensitivity, heat sensitivity, humidity sensitivity, pH sensitivity, and ion sensitivity. A drug delivery system is an effective way to stabilize EOs, especially due to the protective effect of polymeric drug carriers. Polysaccharides are frequently employed as drug carrier materials because they are highly safe, come in a variety of forms, and have plentiful sources.
  • 409
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Ethanol in a Human Study
In the pharmacokinetic analysis of ethanol after oral administration, only single- or two-compartment models are used, but their precision in estimating pharmacokinetic parameters might be insufficient. Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained using pharmacokinetic models differ depending on the type of model used. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters depend on the type of model used. The classic Widmark model in particular overestimated the fraction of absorbed ethanol from the gastrointestinal system to systemic circulation. 
  • 410
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Equipoise in Immunotherapy Era. Treating Autoimmunity or Cancer
Numerous immunotherapeutic agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have been approved for the treatment of genitourinary (GU) malignancies. While ICIs have improved treatment outcomes and expanded treatment options, they can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). 
  • 408
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Driver Genes in Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types. Although there have been breakthroughs in its treatments, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and genetic involvement in colorectal cancer will have a substantial role in producing novel and targeted treatments with better safety profiles.
  • 408
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Highly Selective Antagonist of GluK3 Kainate Receptor Subtype
Kainate receptors belong to the family of glutamate receptors ion channels, which are responsible for the majority of rapid excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The therapeutic potential of kainate receptors is still poorly understood, which is also due to the lack of potent and subunit-selective pharmacological tools. In search of selective ligands for the GluK3 kainate receptor subtype, a series of quinoxaline-2,3-dione analogues was synthesized and pharmacologically characterized at selected recombinant ionotropic glutamate receptors. Among them, compound 28 was found to be a competitive GluK3 antagonist with submicromolar affinity and unprecedented high binding selectivity, showing a 400-fold preference for GluK3 over other homomeric receptors GluK1, GluK2, GluK5 and GluA2. 
  • 408
  • 22 Feb 2023
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