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Topic Review
Faces of Autophagy Inhibition in Cisplatin Therapy
Cisplatin treatment promotes autophagy in both cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant cells. Consequently, inhibition of autophagy can be considered a strategy for improving cisplatin chemosensitivity. This is the positive side, which is called Yang. However, the functional activity of cisplatin-induced autophagy is related to different genetic phenotypes and tumor types as well as the microenvironment of the tumor. In addition, preclinical studies have found that pharmacological autophagy inhibitors are not uniformly effective in enhancing the effectiveness of cisplatin and may also exacerbate the side effects of cisplatin toward normal tissue. This is the negative side, which is called Yin. 
  • 502
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Lycorine Ameliorates Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats
Liver fibrosis is a foremost medical concern worldwide. Lycorine—a natural alkaloid—has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activates. Lycorine hinders TAA-induced liver fibrosis in rats, due to—at least partly—its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, along with its ability to inhibit Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription factor (STAT3) signaling.
  • 551
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Development of Trichosanthin
Tian Hua Fen, a herbal powder extract that contains trichosanthin (TCS), was used as an abortifacient in traditional Chinese medicine. In 1972, TCS was purified to alleviate the side effects. Because of its clinical applications, TCS became one of the most active research areas in the 1960s to the 1980s in China. These include obtaining the sequence information in the 1980s and the crystal structure in 1995. The replication block of TCS on human immunodeficiency virus in lymphocytes and macrophages was found in 1989 and started a new chapter of its development.
  • 622
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Pharmaceutical Industry in 2021
2021 will be remembered for the COVID-19 pandemic. Although five vaccines have been approved by the two most important drug regulatory agencies, namely the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the pandemic has still not been brought under control. However, despite the context of a global pandemic, 2021 has been an excellent year with respect to drug approvals by the FDA. In 2021, 50 drugs have been authorized, making it the fourth-best year after 2018 (59 drugs) and 1996 and 2020 (53 each). Regarding biologics, 2021 has been the third-best year to date, with 14 approvals, and it has also witnessed the authorization of 36 small molecules.
  • 691
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
3-Iodothyronamine and 3-Iodothyroacetic Acid
3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and 3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) are thyroid-hormone-related compounds endowed with pharmacological activity through mechanisms that remain elusive. Some evidence suggests that they may have redox features.
  • 372
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Overcoming Multidrug Resistance of Antibiotics via Nanodelivery Systems
Antibiotic resistance has become a threat to microbial therapies nowadays. The conventional approaches possess several limitations to combat microbial infections. Therefore, to overcome such complications, novel drug delivery systems have gained pharmaceutical scientists’ interest. Significant findings have validated the effectiveness of novel drug delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, metallic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and lipid-based nanoparticles against severe microbial infections and combating antimicrobial resistance. 
  • 954
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of mRNA Using Nanomedicine
The development and commercialization of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have pivoted the way towards future applications of mRNA medicines by finally finding a solution to the problem of delivery. Despite concerns from detractors about a lack of applications for nanotechnology, nanomedicine has now demonstrated that it is a translational, relevant and much-needed approach to engineer new genetic drugs. Thus, it is now clear that the full potential of mRNA therapeutics, along with its advantages could not be envisioned without nanomedicine.
  • 594
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Pharmacovigilance Systems in Three Arab Countries
Pharmacovigilance (PV) is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as “the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem" and represents an important element of a country’s public health policies’ portfolio. Like other developing countries, PV systems in Arab countries are at different stages of maturity, with many still in the early stages of development. Recently, however, the importance of having a strong PV system in place has gained increased attention.
  • 449
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Digalloyl Glycoside: A Potential Inhibitor of Trypanosomal PFK
Human African trypanosomiasis is an endemic infectious disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei via the bite of tsetse-fly. Most of the drugs used for the treatment, e.g., Suramin, have shown several problems, including the high level of toxicity. A phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of E. abyssinica was carried out. Twelve compounds, including two triterpenes (1, 2); one sterol-glucoside (4); three ellagic acid derivatives (3, 9, 11); three gallic acid derivatives (5, 6, 10); and three flavonoids (7, 8, 12), were isolated. Compound (10) was obtained for the first time from genus Euphorbia while all other compounds except compound (4), were firstly reported in E. abyssinica. Consequently, an in silico study was used to estimate the anti-trypanosomal activity of the isolated compounds. Several compounds displayed interesting activity where 1,6-di-O-galloyl-d-glucose (10) appeared as the most potent inhibitor of trypanosomal phosphofructokinase (PFK). Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and ADMET calculations were performed for 1,6-di-O-galloyl-d-glucose. In conclusion, 1,6-di-O-galloyl-d-glucose revealed high binding free energy, desirable molecular dynamics, and pharmacokinetic properties; therefore, it could be suggested for further in vitro and in vivo studies for trypanosomiasis.
  • 436
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Cutaneous Reactions to Antidiabetic Agents
Diabetes is a common and complex disease affecting multiple organ systems throughout the body. With a consensus in care guidelines emphasizing the importance of glycemic control in determining the disease progression, people with diabetes worldwide have been placed on medication regimens targeting glucose stability from a variety of pathophysiologic pathways. Each of these medications also possesses its own potential for adverse events. 
  • 717
  • 04 Mar 2022
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