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Topic Review
New Flavonoid & Myo-Inositol Supplement
Background and Aim. Cardiovascular risk is increased in women with menopause and metabolic syndrome. Aim of this study was to test the effect of a new supplement formula, combining cocoa polyphenols, myo-inositol, and soy isoflavones, on some biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.Methods and Results. A total of 60 women were enrolled and randomly assigned (n=30per group) to receive the supplement (NRT: 30 mg of cocoa polyphenols, 80 mg of soy isoflavones, and 2 gr of myo-inositol), or placebo for 6 months. The study protocol included three visits (baseline, 6, and 12 months) for the evaluation of glucose, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone-ALP). At 6 months, a significant difference between NRT and placebo was found for glucose (96±7versus108±10 mg/dL), triglycerides (145±14versus165±18 mg/dL), visfatin (2.8±0.8versus3.7±1.1 ng/mL), resistin (27±7versus32±8 µg/L), and b-ALP (19±7versus15±5 µg/mL). No difference in HDL-C concentrations nor in adiponectin levels between groups was reported at 6 months.Conclusions.The supplement used in this study improves most of the biomarkers linked to metabolic syndrome. This Trial is registered withNCT01400724.
  • 681
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
New Discovered Molecules of COVID-19
New molecules/drugs are discovered by humans for the therapeutic management of new diseases or to address existing health challenges. New molecules/drugs require extensive clinical investigations, followed by approval from drug regulatory agencies for marketing.
  • 803
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Neurotensin and Neurotensin Receptors
The tridecapeptide neurotensin (NT) was isolated from the bovine hypothalamus. It is involved in gut motility and belongs to a family of bioactive peptides, including contulakin, xenopsin, LANT-6, and neuromedin, showing similar amino acid sequences at the C-terminal region; this sequence is essential for the physiological effects mediated by these peptides. Neurotensin is relevant in brain reward mechanisms. Its role in substance abuse needs to be explored in depth to open new therapeutic strategies.
  • 549
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Neuroprotective Agents from Syzygium from Alzheimer’s Perspective
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia worldwide, constituting 70–80% of cases, primarily among the elderly. This irreversible neurodegenerative disorder progressively impairs memory and other cognitive functions. The molecular mechanisms of Syzygium species in neuroprotection include the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to correct cholinergic transmission, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, reactive immediate species (RIS) production, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, the restoration of brain ions homeostasis, the inhibition of microglial invasion, the modulation of ß-cell insulin release, the enhancement of lipid accumulation, glucose uptake, and adiponectin secretion via the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Additional efforts are warranted to explore less studied species, including the Australian and Western Syzygium species. The effectiveness of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotective responses is markedly established, but further compound isolation, in silico, and clinical studies are demanded. 
  • 580
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Neuropeptides Inhibitors for Colorectal Cancer
Neuropeptides are mainly secreted from the human central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuropeptides bind to its cognate rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and perform various physiological functions. Conventional cancer treatments in clinical practice still present many drawbacks due to the lack of selectivity toward the target cell, drug-resistance, and side-effects, thus pushing for the development of new therapeutic agents and therapies. Recent research suggests that neuropeptides influence cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and, therefore, they could be exploited as a target for novel anticancer therapies. Very recently, targeted approaches that inhibit neuropeptides and their associated receptors are being developed in cancer treatment. 
  • 350
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Central Nervous System
The dysregulated activation of nNOS in neurons is critical in the development of different conditions affecting the SNC. An excessive production of NO by nNOS is responsible for a number of proteins’ posttranslational modifications (PTMs) which can lead to aberrant biochemical pathways, impairing the SNC functions. Researchers briefly revised the main implications of the dysregulated nNOS activation in the progression of the most prevalent CNS diseases, suggesting that compounds able to modulate the nNOS activity could be  promising therapeutics to tackle different neuronal pathologic conditions.
  • 305
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a heterogeneous group of monophasic or recurrent autoinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).
  • 401
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Neurological Disorders
Neurological disorders are the most devastating and challenging diseases associated with the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the brain and contributes towards the maintenance of a very delicate microenvironment, impairing the transport of many therapeutics into the CNS and making the management of common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), exceptionally complicated.  Nanoparticle (NP) technology offers a platform for the design of tissue-specific drug carrying systems owing to its versatile and modifiable nature. The prospect of being able to design NPs capable of successfully crossing the BBB, and maintaining a high drug bioavailability in neural parenchyma, has spurred much interest in the field of nanomedicine. NPs, which also come in an array of forms including polymeric NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), quantum dots and liposomes, have the flexibility of being conjugated with various macromolecules, such as surfactants to confer the physical or chemical property desired. These nanodelivery strategies represent potential novel and minimally invasive approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological disorders. Most of the strategies revolve around the ability of the NPs to cross the BBB via various influx mechanisms, such as adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), targeting specific biomarkers or lesions unique to that pathological condition, thereby ensuring high tissue-specific targeting and minimizing off-target side effects. In this article, insights into common neurological disorders and challenges of delivering CNS drugs due to the presence of BBB is provided, before an in-depth review of nanoparticle-based theranostic strategies.
  • 1.7K
  • 05 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Neurological Diseases and Their Biomarkers
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are disorders that affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. To name a few causes, NDDs can be caused by ischemia, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cell stress, inflammation, abnormal protein deposition in neural tissue, autoimmune-mediated neuron loss, and viral or prion infections.
  • 502
  • 07 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Neurogliovascular Unit and Cerebral-microvascular Disease
The distinctive anatomical assemble and functionally discrete multicellular cerebrovasculature dynamics confer varying rheological and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeabilities to preserve the integrity of cerebral white matter and its neural microenvironment. This homeostasis intricately involves the neurogliovascular unit (NGVU) and glymphatic system that manages the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), interstitial fluids (ISF), metabolic waste, and clearance through the venous circulation. NGVU refers to the integration of neuronal structures, glial cells (including the microglial), and vasculature (i.e., capillaries, arteries, and/or arterioles) governed by the astrocytes.
  • 545
  • 16 Aug 2021
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