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Topic Review
Screening for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests worldwide, with an estimated prevalence ranging between 19–46% in the general population. Given the high prevalence and severity of NAFLD, especially in high-risk populations (i.e., patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity), there is a major interest in early detection of the disease in primary care.
  • 420
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Secondary Primary Cancer after Primary Gastric Cancer
Advances in cancer screening and early detection, as well as improvements in surgical techniques and therapeutics, have contributed to decreasing gastric cancer mortality. The number of gastric cancer survivors continues to rise; however, long-term follow-up has revealed an increase in the risk of post-gastrectomy symptoms or other health problems, such as extra-gastric secondary primary cancer (SPC), in these survivors. The characteristics of SPC are of increasing interest to both treatment providers and gastric cancer survivors.
  • 498
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Secretory IgA
Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the dominant antibody class in mucosal secretions, it is also present in saliva and breast milk. The majority of plasma cells producing SIgA are located within mucosal membranes lining the intestines, airway and reproductive tracts, as well as mammary gland. SIgA protects against the adhesion of pathogens and their penetration into the mucosal barriers. Moreover, SIgA regulates microbiota composition at mucosa sites and provides local homeostasis.
  • 4.1K
  • 17 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Serum Visfatin Levels in NAFLD
Adipokines, including visfatin, have been studied in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies evaluated visfatin levels in NAFLD, the presence and severity of hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, lobar inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and gender differences. 
  • 580
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Acute Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a digestive emergency and can develop into a systematic illness. The role of the gut in the progression and deterioration of AP has drawn much attention from researchers, and areas of interest include dysbiosis of the intestinal flora, weakened intestinal barrier function, and bacterial and endotoxin translocation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as one of the metabolites of gut microbiota, have been proven to be depleted in AP patients. SCFAs help restore gut homeostasis by rebuilding gut flora, stabilizing the intestinal epithelial barrier, and regulating inflammation. SCFAs can also suppress systematic inflammatory responses, improve the injured pancreas, and prevent and protect other organ dysfunctions. Based on multiple beneficial effects, increasing SCFAs is an essential idea of gut protective treatment in AP. Specific strategies include the direct use of butyrate or indirect supplementation through fiber, pre/pro/synbiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising adjective therapy to enteral nutrition.
  • 276
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing for Crohn’s Disease Fibrosis Mechanisms
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a high prevalence throughout the world. The development of Crohn’s-related fibrosis, which leads to strictures in the gastrointestinal tract, presents a particular challenge and is associated with significant morbidity. There are no specific anti-fibrotic therapies available, and so treatment is aimed at managing the stricturing complications of fibrosis once it is established. This often requires invasive and repeated endoscopic or surgical intervention. 
  • 401
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Skeletal Muscles in Obesity
Skeletal muscles, as well as adipose tissue, are largely recognized as endocrine organs, producing biologically active substances, such as myokines and adipokines. They may have either beneficial or harmful effects on the organism and its functions, acting through the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. Moreover, the collocation of adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, i.e., the amount of intramuscular, intermuscular, and visceral adipose depots, may be of major importance for metabolic health. Traditionally, the generalized and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or physical function, named sarcopenia, has been thought to be associated with age.
  • 432
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Sleep among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Sleep disturbances are commonly encountered among patients with CLDs and are associated with impaired HRQOL. The present study demonstrated that the more severe the liver disease, the poorer that sleep and QOL are. 
  • 322
  • 09 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Sleeve Gastrectomy, Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass
Bariatric/metabolic surgery involves different techniques leading to different effects on pancreatic cell populations. Currently, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one of the most performed techniques. A consequence of this procedure is the drastic removal of the gastric fundus and corpus ghrelin-producing cell population.
  • 549
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy
Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is one of the most useful methods for diagnosing small bowel lesions. When a pill-like capsule endoscope is swallowed, the camera of the capsule endoscope captures the small bowel mucosa. Although it is a noninvasive endoscopy, it has the disadvantage of long reading time. To solve this problem, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for SBCE reading are being actively studied. The main goal is to quickly and accurately detect small bowel lesions using an AI algorithm trained on images of lesions. This content briefly summarizes the use of AI algorithms for SBCE reading.
  • 565
  • 07 Jul 2021
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