Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
MRE Parameters That Correlate with Disease Activity
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic immune mediated disorder that most commonly affects the small bowel and/or the large bowel. Treatment targets in CD include mucosal healing assessed via ileocolonoscopy and transmural healing assessed through cross-sectional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance enterography (MRE).
  • 339
  • 20 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Diagnosis of Post- Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the primary therapeutic approach for disorders affecting the pancreatobiliary tree. It carries the highest risk of complications and mortality among other endoscopic modalities, with post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) being the most frequent complication, even after a seemingly straightforward procedure. Its incidence lies between 2–10%, which could be as high as 30–50% in high-risk cases. PEP is severe in up to 5% of cases, with potential for life-threatening complications, and death in up to 1% of cases. The risk of PEP is potentially predictable and may be modified with pharmacological measures and endoscopic techniques, also patient selection plays an important role.  The therapy for PEP is like that of acute pancreatitis. Analgesia and supportive care with moderate fluid therapy are often sufficient in most patients. In conclusion, PEP is a potentially life-threatening complication of ERCP which can be mitigated through a correct patient selection, combination of pharmacological and intraprocedural measures as well as prompt diagnosis and early management.
  • 337
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress and Nervous Distress in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a central player in a range of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, as well as complications stemming from therapeutic interventions. The dysfunction of the ENS is characteristic of a spectrum of disorders, including neurointestinal diseases and conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diabetic gastroparesis, and chemotherapy-induced GI side effects. Neurons in the Enteric nervous system (ENS), while essential for normal gut function, appear particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Mechanistically, oxidative stress in enteric neurons can result from intrinsic nitrosative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, or inflammation-related pathways. Although antioxidant-based therapies have shown limited efficacy, recognizing the multifaceted role of oxidative stress in GI diseases offers a promising avenue for future interventions.
  • 336
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The Intestinal Microbiota in Chronic Liver Disease
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant global health burden, leading to millions of deaths annually. The gut–liver axis plays a pivotal role in this context, allowing the transport of gut-derived products directly to the liver, as well as biological compounds from the liver to the intestine. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining the health of the digestive system. A change in gut microbiome composition as seen in dysbiosis is associated with immune dysregulation, altered energy and gut hormone regulation, and increased intestinal permeability, contributing to inflammatory mechanisms and damage to the liver, irrespective of the underlying etiology of CLD.
  • 335
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Natural Coumarin Derivatives Used for Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Coumarin derivatives modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and displaying simultaneous intestinal anti-inflammatory activities, effects potentially useful in the management of intestinal inflammatory processes. Coumarin derivatives modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and displaying intestinal anti-inflammatory activity include simple coumarins, linear and angular furanocoumarins from plant origin, and coumarin derivatives produced by the fermentative process performed by gut microbiota on the plant-derived products commonly used in human feeding.
  • 334
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Janus kinase inhibitors are small-molecule drugs that can be administered orally and are relatively inexpensive, thus offering an additional option for treating Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They have been shown to be effective in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but they are less effective in those with Crohn’s disease (CD).
  • 333
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Inflammatory Biomarkers in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a distinct chronic, idiopathic, and relapsing disorder classified into two major conditions, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of indigestible dietary fibre in the gut have potential value for their underlying epigenetic role in the treatment of obesity and asthma-related inflammation through mediating the relationships between VLCKD and the infant gut microbiota. 
  • 333
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Definition and Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rapidly increasing in incidence and is associated with a poor prognosis. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a known precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. 
  • 332
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Reevaluating Therapeutic Use of Antibiotics in Liver Cirrhosis
Impairments in liver function lead to different complications. As chronic liver disease progresses (CLD), hypoalbuminemia and alterations in bile acid compositions lead to changes in gut microbiota and, therefore, in the host–microbiome interaction, leading to a proinflammatory state. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and permeability, known as gut dysbiosis, have important implications in CLD; alterations in the gut–liver axis are a consequence of liver disease, but also a cause of CLD. Furthermore, gut dysbiosis plays an important role in the progression of liver cirrhosis and decompensation, particularly with complications such as hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
  • 332
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects around 300 million people worldwide and is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nucleos(t)ide analog therapy has aided in decreasing mortality from HBV.
  • 332
  • 21 Feb 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 66
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback