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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Multidisciplinary Approach for Acute Colonic Obstruction Endoscopic Management
Acute colonic obstruction is one of the most common manifestations of locally advanced colorectal cancer. Endoscopic stenting has become by far the minimally invasive treatment of choice for malignant colonic obstruction especially in the palliative setting. 
  • 262
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Multiple Sclerosis Therapies and Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the association with other autoimmune diseases is well-documented. There are many therapeutic options for the treatment of MS. Most of the available drugs cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI) to variable extents with heterogeneous clinical and biological manifestations, including liver injury with or without signs of hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. The different disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and immunomodulating treatments used in the management of MS include interferon beta (IFN-β), glatiramer acetate (GA), natalizumab, fingolimod, mitoxantrone, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, alemtuzumab, daclizumab, and ocrelizumab. These drugs are largely available in the USA and Europe, but with some differences in indications.
  • 615
  • 28 Jan 2023
Topic Review
NAFLD
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and may progress to cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. A number of steroid hormones are important regulators of lipid homeostasis through fine tuning the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, export, and metabolism. Dysregulation of such pathways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. 
  • 848
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
NAFLD and Reduced Bone Mineral Density
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Moreover, the prevalence of this liver disease is expected to increase rapidly in the near future, aligning with the rise in obesity and the aging of the population. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is considered to be complex and to include the interaction between genetic, metabolic, inflammatory, and environmental factors. It is well documented that NAFLD is linked to the other conditions common to insulin resistance, such as abnormal lipid levels, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, it is considered that the insulin resistance may be one of the main mechanisms determining the disturbances in both bone tissue metabolism and skeletal muscles quality and functions in patients with NAFLD. 
  • 218
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
NAFLD Distribution
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Nowadays, its prevalence is 25% worldwide and it is projected to reach the 30% in 2030, making NAFLD an important public health issue. NAFLD prevalence can vary according to the region and the social group under study. In fact, NAFLD distribution shows large inequalities by social group: Males have higher NAFLD prevalence, although if only postmenopausal women are taken into account, the prevalence is similar between genders. In the US, the Hispanic population has the highest NAFLD prevalence and African-American the lowest. Finally, higher NAFLD prevalence has been found among individuals with lower socioeconomic positions and food-insecure households. 
  • 453
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
NAFLD in Lean and Non-Obese Individuals
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which approximately affects a quarter of the world’s population, has become a major public health concern. Although usually associated with excess body weight, it may also affect normal-weight individuals, a condition termed as lean/non-obese NAFLD. The prevalence of lean/non-obese NAFLD is around 20% within the NAFLD population, and 5% within the general population. Current treatment of lean NAFLD is aimed at improving overall fitness and decreasing visceral adiposity, with weight loss strategies being the cornerstone of treatment.
  • 562
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Nanomedicine in Clostridioides difficile Infection
Clostridioides difficile, a spore-forming bacterium, is a nosocomial infectious pathogen which can be found in animals as well. Although various antibiotics and disinfectants were developed, C. difficile infection (CDI) remains a serious health problem. C. difficile spores have complex structures and dormant characteristics that contribute to their resistance to harsh environments, successful transmission and recurrence.
  • 412
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Nanoparticles in Scavenging the Free Radicals
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the survival and decline of various biological systems. In liver-related metabolic disorders such as steatohepatitis, ROS can act as both a cause and a consequence. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two distinct types of steatohepatitis. There has been growing interest in using medications that target ROS formation and reduce ROS levels as a therapeutic approach for oxidative stress-related liver disorders. Mammalian systems have developed various antioxidant defenses to protect against excessive ROS generation. These defenses modulate ROS through a series of reactions, limiting their potential impact. 
  • 457
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Natural Coumarin Derivatives Used for Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Coumarin derivatives modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and displaying simultaneous intestinal anti-inflammatory activities, effects potentially useful in the management of intestinal inflammatory processes. Coumarin derivatives modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and displaying intestinal anti-inflammatory activity include simple coumarins, linear and angular furanocoumarins from plant origin, and coumarin derivatives produced by the fermentative process performed by gut microbiota on the plant-derived products commonly used in human feeding.
  • 334
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Natural Products against Colorectal Cancer
Cancer is a deadly disease that has become a burden to everyone. There were 9.8 million cancer deaths reported in 2018. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer globally, with 1.80 million cases, and it ranks second with the highest mortality in the world, i.e., 862,000 deaths.
  • 464
  • 08 Sep 2021
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