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Topic Review
Apoptosis in Pemphigus Vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an IgG autoantibody-mediated, potentially fatal mucocutaneous disease manifested by progressive non-healing erosions and blisters. Beyond acting to inhibit adhesion molecules, PVIgGs elicit a unique process of programmed cell death and detachment of epidermal keratinocytes termed apoptolysis. Mitochondrial damage by antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) has proven to be a critical link in this process.
  • 474
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Psoriasis and Risk of Infectious Disease
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin and joint disease, with a plethora of comorbidities, characterized by a certain genetic predisposition, and a complex pathogenesis based on the IL-23/IL-17 pathway.
  • 469
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Glycomimetic Peptides as Therapeutic Tools for Skin Diseases
The entry of peptides into glycobiology has led to the development of a unique class of therapeutic tools. Although numerous and well-known peptides are active as endocrine regulatory factors that bind to specific receptors, and peptides have been used extensively as epitopes for vaccine production, the use of peptides that mimic sugars as ligands of lectin-type receptors has opened a unique approach to modulate activity of immune cells. Ground-breaking work that initiated the use of peptides as tools for therapy identified sugar mimetics by screening phage display libraries. The peptides that have been discovered show significant potential as high-avidity, therapeutic tools when synthesized as multivalent structures.
  • 468
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Aesthetic Medicine Safety for Autoimmune Thyroid Disease patients
Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, affecting 2–5% of the world’s population. Due to the autoimmune background of thyroid diseases, we analyzed a wide range of cosmetic procedures, from minimally invasive cosmetic injections (mesotherapy) to highly invasive procedures, such as lifting threads. Out of the seven categories of treatments in aesthetic medicine analyzed by us—hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin, autologous platelet-rich plasma, autologous fat grafting, lifting threads, IPL and laser treatment and mesotherapy—only two, mesotherapy and lifting threads, are not recommended.
  • 460
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Tissue Biomarkers Predicting Status in Cutaneous Melanoma
Cutaneous melanoma is a severe neoplasm that shows early invasiveness of the lymph nodes draining the primary site, with increased risk of distant metastases and recurrence. The tissue biomarker identification could be a new frontier to predict the risk of early lymph node invasiveness, especially in cases considered by current guidelines to be at low risk of lymph node involvement and not requiring evaluation of the sentinel lymph node (SLN). 
  • 460
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Multi-Photon Tomography in Skin Penetration Research
Multi-photon tomography (MPT) is a 3D optical imaging method based on the detection of fluorescence and harmonic signals excited by multiple photons. At high photon flux, two or three photons can be absorbed simultaneously and the sum energy is sufficient to put the molecule in the excited state; then, the emitted two- or three-photon-excited fluorescence is measured. Pulsed fs lasers are usually used for this purpose.
  • 460
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells.
  • 455
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Tumor Microenvironment in Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
It is widely known that tumor cells of basal and squamous cell carcinoma interact with the cellular and acellular components of the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor growth and progression. While this environment differs for basal and squamous cell carcinoma, the cellular players within both create an immunosuppressed environment by downregulating effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and promoting the release of pro-oncogenic Th2 cytokines. Understanding the crosstalk that occurs within the tumor microenvironment has led to the development of immunotherapeutic agents, including vismodegib and cemiplimab to treat BCC and SCC, respectively.
  • 455
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Treatments for Uremic Pruritus
Conventional treatments for uremic pruritus including emollient, topical agents, antihistamine, dialysis modification, phototherapy, and serotonin receptor antagonists.
  • 453
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Chemo-Thermo-Immunotherapy with NPrCAP and Magnetite Nanoparticles
A major advance in drug discovery and targeted therapy directed at cancer cells may be achieved by the exploitation and immunomodulation of their unique biological properties. A novel chemo-thermo-immunotherapy (CTI therapy) is developed by conjugating a melanogenesis substrate, N-propionyl cysteaminylphenol (NPrCAP: amine analog of tyrosine), with magnetite nanoparticles (MNP). In this approach, NPrCAP provides a unique drug delivery system (DDS) because of its selective incorporation into melanoma cells. It also functions as a melanoma-targeted therapeutic drug because of its production of highly reactive free radicals (melanoma-targeted chemotherapy). Moreover, the utilization of MNP is a platform to develop thermo-immunotherapy because of heat shock protein (HSP) expression upon heat generation in MNP by exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF).
  • 453
  • 20 Jun 2022
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