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Topic Review
Food Groups' Effects on Gut Microbiota and T2DM
Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors in both taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota as well as in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Considering the effects of macro- and micronutrients on gut microbiota and T2DM, food groups and dietary patterns are major determinants of the gut microbiota–metabolic disorder axis. 
  • 269
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases
Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that are crucial in regulating immune responses during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment of immune cells, whereas anti-inflammatory ILs help to suppress excessive inflammation and promote tissue repair. 
  • 177
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells for Vaginal Atrophy Management
Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is a surgical procedure that includes bilateral removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes and is often recommended for individuals who carry breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) mutations, which are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC).
  • 90
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Immune based treatments (ITs) represent one of the most important strategies in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), like allogeneic stem cell transplant. however, ITs clinical development in AML is still in its infancy. This work provides up to date information on current research in the field.
  • 99
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Impaired Pressure-Natriuresis
Blood pressure is a heritable trait because hypertension occurs with a familial tendency. The heritability of sitting and standing blood pressure was estimated to be between 39% and 63% in twins and between 16% and 22% in families. Although the brain, kidneys, and blood vessels are major organs involved in regulating blood pressure and inducing hypertension, the kidneys have a unique relationship with blood pressure, suggesting that some genetic factors elevating or decreasing blood pressure exist in the kidney.
  • 247
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease caused by a genetic alteration of the SERPING1 gene and characterized by recurrent attacks of angioedema that involve the skin, and the mucosae of the gastrointestinal tract and upper airways, which significantly affect the quality of life of patients. 
  • 120
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Potential of Noscapine in Cancer Treatment
Noscapine is a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Papaver somniferum, commonly known as opium poppy or bread seed poppy. It edges over other opioids as it lacks addictive, sedative or euphoric effects. Noscapine, a substance first noted for its antitussive and anti-stroke qualities, has drawn significant interest for its potential as a cancer treatment.
  • 134
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cytokine Adsorption in Lung Transplantation and Heart Transplantation
Cytokine adsorption can resolve different complications characteristic of transplantation medicine, such as cytokine storm activation and blood ABO and immune incompatibilities. Cytokine adsorption is also performed for the treatment of various life-threatening conditions, such as endotoxic septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cardiogenic shock, all potentially leading to adverse clinical outcomes during transplantation. After surgery, dysmetabolism and stress response limit successful graft survival and can lead to primary or secondary graft dysfunction. In this clinical context, and given that a major problem in transplant medicine is that the demand for organs far exceeds the supply, a technological innovation such as a hemoadsorption system could greatly contribute to increasing the number of usable organ donors.
  • 131
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Snake Venom Neurotoxins Targeting Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels
The venom derived from various sources of snakes represents a vast collection of predominantly protein-based toxins that exhibit a wide range of biological actions, including but not limited to inflammation, pain, cytotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The venom of a particular snake species is composed of several toxins, while the venoms of around 600 venomous snake species collectively encompass a substantial reservoir of pharmacologically intriguing compounds. Findings have demonstrated the potential application of neurotoxins derived from snake venom in selectively targeting voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv). These neurotoxins include bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI)-Kunitz polypeptides, phospholipas A2 (PLA2) neurotoxins, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), serine proteases (SVSPs), and various others.
  • 193
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive condition that is most often caused by a massive resection of the small intestine. Its prevalence is 3–4 per million and occurs in about 15% of adult patients undergoing an intestinal resection, either massive (3/4) or from multiple sequential resections (1/4). SBS and intestinal failure (IF) are not necessarily synonymous. Intestinal failure describes the state when an individual’s gastrointestinal function is inadequate to maintain his or her nutrient and hydration status without intravenous or enteral supplementation. 
  • 204
  • 22 Jan 2024
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