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Topic Review
Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Black Garlic
Black garlic (BG) is a fermented form of garlic (Allium sativum L.), produced at precisely defined temperatures, humidities, and time periods. Although garlic has been used for thousands of years, black garlic is a relatively new discovery. There are many bioactive compounds in black garlic that give it medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
  • 294
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Auto-Antibodies
Auto-antibodies are classically associated with autoimmune diseases, where they are an integral part of diagnostic panels. However, recent evidence is accumulating on the presence of auto-antibodies against single or selected panels of auto-antigens in many types of cancer. Auto-antibodies might initially represent an epiphenomenon derived from the inflammatory environment induced by the tumor.
  • 412
  • 30 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Effects of Oleuropein
Longevity and lower morbidity and mortality have long been associated with olive oil use in the Mediterranean diet. Olive leaves have been used to treat malaria fever since ancient times, and numerous studies have shown that olive oil and olive leaves can enhance health by reducing cardiovascular and neurological illnesses. Oleuropein (Ole) is the principal phenolic chemical found in all sections of the olive tree Olea europaea L., and their health advantages are described below, as it is found in all parts of the tree, particularly in raw olive fruit and leaves. Ole is an ester of oleanolic acid and hydroxytyrosol (HT), which was discovered in 1908. Ole aglycone is generated when Ole is hydrolyzed during the mechanical extraction of green olives, and it has a bitter taste. Ole is broken down into HT, which is found in abundance in processed olive oil and fruit. Ole can be degraded chemically or enzymatically. Many factors influence the amount of Ole in olive trees, including cultivar and production area, as well as soil moisture content, pollutants, and atmospheric conditions.
  • 652
  • 12 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Mechanisms of Cucurbitacins
Cucurbitacins constitute a group of cucumber-derived dietary lipids, highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids, with potential medical uses. These compounds are known to interact with a variety of recognized cellular targets to impede the growth of cancer cells.
  • 422
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Potential of Cinnamaldehyde
Cinnamaldehyde has anti-cancer effects through a number of different mechanisms that are interconnected with one another. These effects reduce some of the most severe symptoms of abnormally rapid cell growth. Some of the mechanistic approaches include the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, interruption in angiogenesis, free radical scavenging, inhibition of inflammation, and interference with cellular invasion and metastasis. According to the types, doses and duration of treatment of cancer, the mechanisms involved could change.
  • 438
  • 13 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Properties of Vitamin K
Vitamin K is the common name for a group of compounds recognized as essential for blood clotting. The group comprises phylloquinone (K1)—a 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; menaquinone (K2, MK)—a group of compounds with an unsaturated side chain in position 3 of a different number of isoprene units and a 1,4-naphthoquinone group and menadione (K3, MD)—a group of synthetic, water-soluble compounds 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. However, epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin K has various benefits that go beyond blood coagulation processes. A dietary intake of K1 is inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer, K2 has the potential to induce a differentiation in leukemia cells or apoptosis of various types of cancer cells, and K3 has a documented anti-cancer effect. A healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables ensures an optimal supply of K1 and K2, though consumers often prefer supplements. Interestingly, the synthetic form of vitamin K—menadione—appears in the cell during the metabolism of phylloquinone and is a precursor of MK-4, a form of vitamin K2 inaccessible in food.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Anti-CD20 Antibodies in the Management of B-Cell Lymphomas
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of lymphomas by improving the survival of patients, particularly in conjunction with chemotherapy. Efforts to improve the on-targeting CD20 expressed on lymphomas through novel bioengineering techniques have led to the development of newer anti-CD20 mAbs that have accentuated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell medicated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and/or a direct killing effect.
  • 170
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Anti-Depressive Effects of Tea Consumption
Current theories on the neurobiology of depression may be utilized to understand tea (Camellia sinensis)-mediated mechanisms of antidepressant activity. Major nodes within a unified network framework of depression, or major depressive disorder (MDD), included hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, inflammation, weakened monoaminergic systems, reduced neurogenesis/neuroplasticity, and poor microbiome diversity affecting the gut–brain axis. We detail how each node has subsystems within them, including signaling pathways, specific target proteins, or transporters that interface with compounds in tea to mediate their antidepressant effects. A major pathway was found to be the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, up-regulated by a number of compounds in tea including teasaponin, L-theanine, EGCG and combinations of tea catechins and their metabolites. Black tea theaflavins and EGCG are potent anti-inflammatory agents via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling. Multiple compounds in tea are effective modulators of dopaminergic activity and the gut–brain axis. Together, tea-mediated effects on depression pathology are encompassed by our original “reduce and restore” hypothesis; tea phytonutrients act upon multiple MDD nodes to ameliorate depression pathology, including reduction of HPA axis hyperactivity; reduction of inflammation; restoration of monoaminergic systems, including restoration of neurologically active gut microbiota, and restoration of neurogenesis/neuroplasticity.
  • 464
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Anti-DFS70 in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
The diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) or its exclusion is carried out taking into account the results of immunological studies, primarily antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and specific autoantibodies. Often, during ANA analysis via indirect immunofluorescence reaction on cellular and tissue substrates, a dense fine speckled 70 (DFS70) fluorescence pattern is observed.
  • 408
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Anti-Diabetic Mechanisms of Glycyrrhizic acid and Its Derivatives
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, which is characterized by hyperglycemia, chronic insulin resistance, progressive decline in β-cell function, and defect in insulin secretion. It has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There is no cure for T2DM, but it can be treated, and blood glucose levels can be controlled. It has been reported that diabetic patients may suffer from the adverse effects of conventional medicine. Therefore, alternative therapy, such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), can be used to manage and treat diabetes. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and its derivatives are suggested to be promising candidates for the treatment of T2DM and its complications. It is the principal bioactive constituent in licorice, one type of TCM.
  • 844
  • 12 Oct 2022
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