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Topic Review
Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Androgen deprivation therapy alone is commonly performed for metastatic prostate cancer but is generally not recommended for the treatment of high-risk localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.
  • 371
  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review Video
Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Adverse Effects
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is currently the primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, and some studies have shown that the use of anti-androgen drugs is related to a reduction in cognitive function, mood changes, diminished quality of life, dementia, and possibly Alzheimer’s disease. ADT has potential physiological effects such as a reduction in white matter integrity and a negative impact on hypothalamic functions due to the lowering of testosterone levels or the blockade of downstream androgen receptor signaling by first- and second-generation anti-androgen drugs.
  • 302
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Androgen Receptor Gene Pathway in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is currently used as a salvage intervention for men with oligometastatic prostate cancer (PC), and increasingly so since the results of the Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy for the Comprehensive Treatment of Oligometastatic Cancers (SABR-COMET) trial reported a significant improvement in overall survival with SABR. The addition of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to localised prostate radiotherapy improves survival as it sensitises PC to radiotherapy-induced cell death. The importance of the androgen receptor (AR) gene pathway in the development of resistance to radiotherapy is well established.
  • 304
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Androgen Receptor in Lung Cancer
The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in many cell types, and its related signaling is widely investigated in hormone-dependent cancers such as prostate and breast. The significance of the AR, however, has been detected even in other cancers, including gastric, bladder, kidney, lung, hepatic, and pancreatic, in which growth and spreading are not strictly or notoriously dependent on sex steroid hormone action. 
  • 517
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Androgen Receptor in Lung Development and Lung Cancer
Sex hormones (SHs) and their receptors (SHRs) play a crucial role in human sexual dimorphism and have been traditionally associated with hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer. Research has broadened the understanding by revealing connections with other types of cancers, such as lung cancer (LC), where the androgen receptor (AR) plays a significant role. 
  • 270
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Androgen Receptor Structure and Function
The Androgen Receptor (NR3C4, nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, gene 4) is a member of the steroid hormone group of nuclear receptors along with the oestrogen receptors (ERα and β isoforms, NR3A1 and NR2A2, respectively), glucocorticoid receptor (GR, NR3C1), progesterone receptor (PR, NR3C3) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR, NR3C2).
  • 1.7K
  • 08 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Androgen Receptor Upregulation and Radiation-Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is currently used as a salvage intervention for men with oligometastatic prostate cancer (PC), and increasingly so since the results of the Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy for the Comprehensive Treatment of Oligometastatic Cancers (SABR-COMET) trial reported a significant improvement in overall survival with SABR. The addition of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to localised prostate radiotherapy improves survival as it sensitises PC to radiotherapy-induced cell death. The importance of the androgen receptor (AR) gene pathway in the development of resistance to radiotherapy is well established. In this review paper, we will examine the data to determine how we can overcome the upregulation of the AR pathway and suggest a strategy for improving outcomes in men with oligometastatic hormone-sensitive PC.
  • 254
  • 27 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Androgen Receptor’s Role in Triple Negative Breast CancerBC
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 10–20% of diagnosed breast cancers. TNBCs are devoid of common biomarkers such as an estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Research is being conducted to determine the androgen receptor’s (AR) role in TNBC and determine its ability to be utilized as an effective drug target in the absence of the commonly targeted receptors. 
  • 203
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Androgen Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteases in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer represents the most common type of cancer among males and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in Western society. In most cases (~70%), PC has a slow and symptom-free growth, whereas it is more aggressive in the remaining patients. PC therapies prevalently target the proliferative function of the androgen receptor and may only be effective within short periods, beyond which the disease will progress to metastatic and castration-resistant phenotype. Preclinical and clinical studies are aimed at investigating the molecular basis for prostate cancer spreading. Although considerable efforts have been made to dissect the programs that foster prostate cancer spreading, few biomarkers predictive of metastatic phenotype have yet been identified and few therapeutic options are available for treatment of the metastatic disease.
  • 261
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Key preclinical studies over decades suggest prostate cancer cells titrate androgen signaling to optimize growth. Such laboratory-based studies argue that adaptations that allow growth in a low-androgen environment render prostate cancer sensitive to restoration of androgens, especially at supraphysiologic doses. Based on preclinical data, as well as clinical observations, trials employing high-dose testosterone (HDT) therapy have now been conducted. These trials suggest a clinical benefit in cancer response and quality of life in a subset of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.
  • 648
  • 18 Sep 2021
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