Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Unveiling Neuromarketing and Its Research Methodology
Neuromarketing is the union of cognitive psychology, which studies mental processes, neurology and neurophysiology, which study the functioning and responses of the brain and body physiology to external stimuli, and marketing, which studies valuable exchanges, to explain marketing effects on customers’ and consumers’ behaviours and on buying and decision processes. It includes a set of research techniques that, by observing and evaluating how the brain and other body parts respond, avoids possible biases and provides truthful and objective information on consumer subconscious. The term “consumer neuroscience” covers academic approaches using techniques such as fMRI, Eye Tracking, or EED. The objectives of this entry are to show what neuromarketing is and what added value it brings to the study of consumer behaviour and purchase decision processes. The conclusions show a favourable future and positive attitudes towards neuromarketing.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Multispecific Biotherapeutics
Multispecific biotherapeutic drugs are protein-based therapeutic molecules that can engage multiple drug-target binding interfaces concurrently.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Gynecological Problems in Newborns
Pediatric-adolescent or developmental gynecology has been separated from the general gynecology because of the unique issues that affect the development and anatomy of growing girls and young women. It deals with patients from the neonatal period until maturity. There are not many gynecological problems that can be diagnosed in newborns; however, some are typical for the neonatal period. This paper aimed to discuss the most frequent gynecological issues in the neonatal period.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Repurposing Approved Drugs in Colon Cancer
Despite improvements in standardized screening methods and the development of promising therapies for colorectal cancer (CRC), survival rates are still low. Drug repurposing offers an affordable solution to achieve new indications for previously approved drugs that could play a protagonist or adjuvant role in the treatment of CRC. 
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  • 18 May 2022
Topic Review
NAD+ Biology in Kidney and Renal Disease
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) and its reduced form NADH, by regulating redox reactions and allowing the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are crucial for energy metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). In addition, by being the substrate of non-redox NAD+-consuming enzymes such as sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), NAD+ is also involved in several key molecular mechanisms for cellular homeostasis. NAD+ is present in the kidney at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 1 mmol/kg of tissue, which is comparable to concentrations found in liver and muscle.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Transferrin Receptors
 Transferrin is an iron-binding protein. It can be used as a ligand to deliver various proteins, genes, ions, and drugs to the target site via transferrin receptors for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes via transferrin receptors. 
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cationic Liposomes
Cationic liposomes (CLs) are assemblies of lipids with an overall cationic (positive) charge that is contributed by the sum of the charges of the lipid headgroups. In particular, they are spherical bilayer assemblies of cationic lipids or a mixture of neutral and cationic lipids. CLs effective carriers of a variety of therapeutics.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Curcumin
Natural products have been used in medicine for thousands of years, in the recent times they gained a significant popularity globally due to their potential health benefits. Phytochemicals regulate differential gene expression to modulate various cellular pathways implicated in cellular protection. Curcumin is a natural dietary polyphenol extracted from Curcuma Longa L. with different biological and pharmacological effects. One of the important targets of curcumin is TLR-4, the receptor which plays a key role in the modulation of the immune responses and stimulate the production of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Different studies have demonstrated that curcumin attenuates inflammatory response via TLR-4 acting directly on receptor, or by its downstream pathway. Curcumin bioavailability is low, so the use of exosomes, as nano drug delivery, could improve the efficacy of curcumin in inflammatory diseases. The focus of this review is to explore the therapeutic effect of curcumin interacting with TLR-4 receptor and how this modulation could improve the prognosis of neuroinflammatory and rheumatic diseases.
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  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Choleretic and Cholagogic Effects of Anticholelithiatic Plants
A large number of people suffer from gall stone worldwide and this problem is now being increased significantly due to the malnutrition, changes in living style, lack of exercise and conditions i.e. industrialization. Medicinal plants are used from centuries due to their cultural acceptability, efficacy, safety and fewer side effects as compared to modern synthetic medicines.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Large Intestine and Its Microbiota
The large intestine (intestinum crassum) is the last part of the digestive tract ensuring the resorption of water, amino acids, bile acids, salts, vitamins and removes unabsorbed residues such as feces. This organ is 1.3–1.4 m long and 5–8 cm wide.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Feb 2021
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