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Topic Review
Lipidomics in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated complications, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is growing worldwide, due to the epidemics of metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and type II diabetes. Among other factors, an aberrant lipid metabolism represents a crucial step in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the development of HCC in this population.
  • 288
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Association of Bacterial Infections and Cancer
Several critical associations were found between bacterial infections and cancer, of which some are causative: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are associated with periodontal disease, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Shigella are associated with gastroenteritis. Helicobacter pylori infection is implicated in the etiology of gastric cancer, and persistent Chlamydia infections present a risk factor for the development of cervical carcinoma, especially in patients with the human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfection. Salmonella typhi infections are linked with gallbladder cancer, Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is implicated in lung cancer, etc.
  • 327
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway Inhibitors
The JAK/STAT pathway is evolutionarily conserved, and it includes three main players: a ligand-receptor complex, for example, cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-23; growth hormone (GH) growth factors (GF) and their receptors, one or two kinases belonging to the JAK family and one or two members of the STAT family.
  • 384
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Macronutrients or Mineral Elements in Depression
Depression is a common mental disorder that seriously affects the quality of life and leads to an increasing global suicide rate. Macro, micro, and trace elements are the main components that maintain normal physiological functions of the brain. Depression is manifested in abnormal brain functions, which are considered to be tightly related to the imbalance of elements.
  • 201
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanosystems and Inflammation
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that has a well-known ability to bind with the cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) receptor on classically activated M1 macrophages. HA-nanosystems can be used for targeted drug delivery to counter inflammation and, subsequently, pain.
  • 527
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
T-Cell Leukemia Vvirus-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
Slowly progressive spastic paraparesis with bladder dysfunction, the main clinical feature of human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), is induced by chronic inflammation in the spinal cord, mainly the lower thoracic cord. A long-standing bystander mechanism, such as the destruction of surrounding tissues by inflammatory cytokines, etc., induced under the interaction between infiltrated HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells and HTLV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, has been considered implicated for the induction of chronic inflammation. As this bystander mechanism is triggered conceivably by the transmigration of HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells to the spinal cord, heightened transmigrating activity of HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells to the spinal cord might play a crucial role as the first responder in the development of HAM/TSP.
  • 295
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Role of Chalcones in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Chalcones, plant-derived polyphenols, received marked attention due to their biological activities as well as for relatively easy structural manipulation and synthesis of new chalcone derivatives. The chemotherapeutic effects of chalcones are mediated by numerous activities including the initiation of cell death machinery, suppression of cancer cell growth, modulation of several signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway, nuclear factor kappa B pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and many others. In addition, chalcones seem to have an anticancer effect also via the inhibition of angiogenesis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), anti-H. pylori activity and anti-inflammatory action.
  • 277
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Immature Teratoma
An immature teratoma is a germinal malignant tumor that is composed of three germ cell layers (the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm), and it is histologically characterized by immature tissue, most frequently, neuroepithelial tissue. The most frequently affected individuals are adolescents and young adults in their reproductive age.
  • 584
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Marine Polyphenols Involved in Neuroprotective Activity
Polyphenols are beneficial natural compounds with antioxidant properties that have recently gain a lot of interest for their potential therapeutic applications. Marine polyphenols derived from marine macroalgae have been discovered to possess interesting antioxidant properties; therefore, these compounds can be included in several areas of drug development.
  • 458
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Tryptophan and Kynurenine Pathway Involved in Immune-Related Diseases
The tryptophan and kynurenine pathway is well-known to play an important role in nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, as well as in the development of inflammatory diseases. It has been documented that some kynurenine metabolites are considered to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and/or neuroprotective properties. Importantly, many of these kynurenine metabolites may possess immune-regulatory properties that could alleviate the inflammation response. The abnormal activation of the tryptophan and kynurenine pathway might be involved in the pathophysiological process of various immune-related diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and/or polycystic ovary syndrome. 
  • 465
  • 25 Apr 2023
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