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Topic Review
Nanocarriers in Enhanced Antifungal Delivery
Fungal infections are an extremely serious health problem, particularly in patients with compromised immune systems. Most antifungal agents have low aqueous solubility, which may hamper their bioavailability. Their complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs) could increase the solubility of antifungals, facilitating their antifungal efficacy. Nanoparticulate systems are promising carriers for antifungal delivery due to their ability to overcome the drawbacks of conventional dosage forms. CD-based nanocarriers could form beneficial combinations of CDs and nanoparticulate platforms. These systems have synergistic or additive effects regarding improved drug loading, enhanced chemical stability, and enhanced drug permeation through membranes, thereby increasing the bioavailability of drugs. 
  • 711
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Cassia alata (Linnaeus) Roxburgh for Skin
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflamed skin condition with relapsing pruritus and cutaneous physiological dysfunction. This skin disorder is widespread around the world and frequently affects infants, children and adults. Natural products with bioactive lead compounds are the source of natural medicines for complementary and alternative therapy in managing AD. Cassia alata (Senna alata) has been used traditionally as a remedy for a variety of health issues. Cassia alata is also known as ringworm cassia. This plant is perennial and is known as a ‘candle bush’ due to its shape and inflorescences. 
  • 711
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation for Depression
The potential neuroprotective properties of Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation (TES) are possibly achieved through regulating neuroplasticity, neurotrophic expression, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, glutamate metabolism, and retinal blood flow. The putative neuroprotective effects of TES on mood control are supported by its shared mechanisms of action with current antidepressant treatments, including its neuroprotective effects against apoptosis and inflammation, as well as its ability to promote neurotrophic expression. This entry aims to discuss the neuromodulation potential of TES as a treatment for depressive disorders and the neuroprotective mechanisms of action that might contribute to the antidepressant-like responses.
  • 711
  • 13 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Keep Calm and Carry on with Extra Centrosomes
Aberrations in the centrosome number and structure can readily be detected at all stages of tumor progression and are considered hallmarks of cancer. Centrosome anomalies are closely linked to chromosome instability and, therefore, are proposed to be one of the driving events of tumor formation and progression. This concept, first posited by Boveri over 100 years ago, has been an area of interest to cancer researchers.
  • 711
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Causes and Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disorder that causes degeneration of the cells in the brain and it is the main cause of dementia, which is characterized by a decline in thinking and independence in personal daily activities. AD is considered a multifactorial disease: two main hypotheses were proposed as a cause for AD, cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses. Additionally, several risk factors such as increasing age, genetic factors, head injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and environmental factors play a role in the disease.
  • 711
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Gepants
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists are a class of medications that act as antagonists of the CGRP receptor or ligand. They can be divided into monoclonal antibodies and non-peptide small molecules, also known as gepants. CGRP antagonists were the first oral agents specifically designed to prevent migraines. The second generation of gepants includes rimegepant (BHV-3000, BMS-927711), ubrogepant (MK-1602), and atogepant (AGN-241689, MK-8031). Zavegepant (BHV-3500, BMS-742413) belongs to the third generation of gepants characterized by different administration routes.
  • 711
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Antituberculosis Targeted Drug Delivery
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the microorganism that causes tuberculosis. The discovery of the antituberculosis agents in the 20th century has managed to improve the recovery rate and reduce the death rate tremendously. However, the conventional antituberculosis therapy is complicated by the development of resistant strains and adverse drug reactions experienced by the patients. Targeted drug delivery may be a potentially useful approach to be developed into clinically accepted treatment modalities. Active targeting utilizes a specifically designed targeting agent to deliver a chemically conjugated drug(s) towards Mtb. Passive targeting is very widely explored, with the development of multiple types of nanoparticles from organic and inorganic materials. The nanoparticles will be engulfed by macrophages and this will eliminate the Mtb that is present in the macrophages, or the encapsulated drug may be released at the sites of infections that may be in the form of intra- and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
  • 711
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids
Ursolic and oleanolic acids are secondary plant metabolites that are known to be involved in the plant defence system against water loss and pathogens. Nowadays these triterpenoids are also regarded as potential pharmaceutical compounds, compounds or triterpenoid-enriched plant extracts exert various beneficial effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer, on model systems of both human or animal origin. Some of those effects have been linked to the ability of ursolic and oleanolic acids to modulate intracellular antioxidant systems and also inflammation and cell death-related pathways.
  • 711
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms
Chronic myeloid neoplasms are clonal diseases with variable clinical course and outcomes and despite the introduction of novel therapies, patients with high-risk disease continue to have overall poor outcomes. 
  • 712
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Neurotoxicity in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment
Immunotherapy is a milestone in the treatment of poor-prognosis pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is expected to improve treatment outcomes and reduce doses of conventional chemotherapy without compromising the effectiveness of the therapy. However, both chemotherapy and immunotherapy cause side effects, including neurological ones. 
  • 711
  • 17 May 2022
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