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Topic Review
New Potential Heterocyclic Molecular Targeted Drugs
Heterocyclic compounds, which are made up of both carbon and non-carbon atoms, serve as a crucial structural foundation for numerous chemicals with pharmacological and biological value. The research on heterocyclic compounds is an important part of organic chemistry and is utilized extensively in many industries, especially medicine. Heterocyclic compounds serve as the main active ingredient in a variety of pharmaceuticals, including analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-tubercular drugs, antihypertensives, antidepressants, and even anticancer drugs. Many novel heterocyclic targeted drugs have emerged.Molecular targeted therapy is a key element of the new era of comprehensive multidisciplinary cancer treatment. A considerable number of molecular targeted medications have been created as part of the development of targeted therapy. 
  • 276
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Intranasal Nanoemulsions for the Management of Brain Diseases
The intranasal pathway (olfactory and trigeminal nerves) lets the entry of various bioactive agents circumvent the hepatic first-pass effect, thus targetingneurological diseases. Several investigations and research have suggested the vital role ofdrug-loaded nanoemulsions in the mitigation of countless brain disorders proves to be a potential alternative to oral drug delivery systems. Further, mucoadhesive polymer enriched nanoemulsion prolongs residence time and therapeutic effect by weakening rapid clearance from the nasal mucosa. Obtained nanoemulsion possessed ~68 nm average particle size and positive zeta potential (~13 mV). The formulation exhibited 85.5% encapsulation efficiency and 72 h prolonged in vitro release of luteolin. Ex vivo performed Baker–Lonsdale kinetic model depicted approximately six times higher permeation across the nasal mucosa. Moreover, pharmacokinetic studies of the single dose administered intranasal nanoemulsion revealed a tentimes higher drug half-life and nearly a four times higher luteolin biodistribution in brain tissues that further suggested potential usage of developed chitosan-coated luteolin nanoemulsion for the management of brain neuroblastoma. 
  • 386
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Potential of Orally Administered Rubiscolin-6
Rubiscolins are naturally occurring opioid peptides derived from the enzymatic digestion of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase protein in spinach leaves. They are classified into two subtypes based on amino acid sequence, namely rubiscolin-5 and rubiscolin-6. In vitro studies have determined rubiscolins as G protein-biased delta-opioid receptor agonists, and in vivo studies have demonstrated that they exert several beneficial effects via the central nervous system. The most unique and attractive advantage of rubiscolin-6 over other oligopeptides is its oral availability. Therefore, it can be considered a promising candidate for the development of a novel and safe drug.
  • 313
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Bulk-Fill Resins versus Conventional Resins
Composite resins have become the material of choice for the restoration of posterior teeth. Although bulk-fill resins represent a tempting alternative due to their lower complexity and faster use, some dentists are reluctant to use this material. 
  • 389
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Skin Pigmentation
Human skin pigmentation and melanin synthesis are incredibly variable, and are impacted by genetics, UV exposure, and some drugs. Patients’ physical appearance, psychological health, and social functioning are all impacted by a sizable number of skin conditions that cause pigmentary abnormalities. Hyperpigmentation, where pigment appears to overflow, and hypopigmentation, where pigment is reduced, are the two major classifications of skin pigmentation. Albinism, melasma, vitiligo, Addison’s disease, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which can be brought on by eczema, acne vulgaris, and drug interactions, are the most common skin pigmentation disorders in clinical practice. Anti-inflammatory medications, antioxidants, and medications that inhibit tyrosinase, which prevents the production of melanin, are all possible treatments for pigmentation problems. Skin pigmentation can be treated orally and topically with medications, herbal remedies, and cosmetic products, but a doctor should always be consulted before beginning any new medicine or treatment plan. 
  • 700
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Foot-Detection Approach Based on Seven-Foot Dimensions
Unsuitable shoe shapes and sizes are a critical reason for unhealthy feet, may severely contribute to chronic injuries such as foot ulcers in susceptible people (e.g., diabetes patients), and thus need accurate measurements in the manner of expert-based procedures.
  • 280
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Role of Melatonin in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD
Endogenous melatonin, an indoleamine hormone synthesized by the pineal gland mainly at night, is a powerful chronobiotic that probably regulates metabolic processes and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genomic effects. Extrapineal melatonin has been found in various tissues and organs, including the liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract, where it likely maintains cellular homeostasis. Melatonin exerts its effects on NAFLD at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels, affecting numerous signaling pathways.
  • 458
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing for Crohn’s Disease Fibrosis Mechanisms
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a high prevalence throughout the world. The development of Crohn’s-related fibrosis, which leads to strictures in the gastrointestinal tract, presents a particular challenge and is associated with significant morbidity. There are no specific anti-fibrotic therapies available, and so treatment is aimed at managing the stricturing complications of fibrosis once it is established. This often requires invasive and repeated endoscopic or surgical intervention. 
  • 389
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Clinical Implications of Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Technology
The photon-counting detector (PCD) is a new computed tomography detector technology (photon-counting computed tomography, PCCT) that provides substantial benefits for cardiac and coronary artery imaging. Compared with conventional CT, PCCT has multi-energy capability, increased spatial resolution and soft tissue contrast with near-null electronic noise, reduced radiation exposure, and optimization of the use of contrast agents. This new technology promises to overcome several limitations of traditional cardiac and coronary CT angiography (CCT/CCTA) including reduction in blooming artifacts in heavy calcified coronary plaques or beam-hardening artifacts in patients with coronary stents, and a more precise assessment of the degree of stenosis and plaque characteristic thanks to its better spatial resolution. 
  • 365
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is one of the earliest features of PD and has been found to occur even four years before the diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disorder. This affects the patient’s quality of life, considering that the olfactory system plays a crucial role in influencing food flavors, detecting whether they are spoiled, and identifying harmful volatile compounds. 
  • 307
  • 25 Jun 2023
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