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Topic Review
Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose CT in Europe
Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) was demonstrated in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) to reduce mortality from the disease. European mortality data has become available from the Nelson randomised controlled trial, which confirmed lung cancer mortality reductions by 26% in men and 39–61% in women. 
  • 215
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Postoperative Management in Lung Cancer Surgery
Postoperative management after major and minor thoracic surgeries is crucial for patient recovery and can be challenging. Major thoracic surgeries, such as extensive pulmonary resections, especially in patients with poor health status, may require intensive surveillance, particularly during the first 24–72 h after surgery. Moreover, thanks to the demographic development and medical progress in perioperative medicine, more patients with comorbidities undergoing thoracic procedures require proper management in the postoperative period to improve prognosis and decrease hospital stay.
  • 230
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Neurological Implications and Therapeutic Potential of L-serine
L-serine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a vital role in protein synthesis, cell proliferation, development, and sphingolipid formation in the central nervous system. It exerts its effects through the activation of glycine receptors and upregulation of PPAR-γ, resulting in neurotransmitter synthesis, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • 434
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Asthma and Childhood Obesity
Several epidemiological studies have described childhood obesity as a risk factor for atopic disease, particularly asthma. At the same time, this association seems to be more conflicting for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria.
  • 274
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Metabolism and Chemical Degradation of Glutides and Gliflozins
The drug metabolism and drug degradation pathways may overlap, resulting in the formation of similar constituents. Therefore, the metabolism data can be helpful for deriving safe levels of degradation impurities and improving the quality of respective pharmaceutical products. The entry contains considerations on possible links between metabolic and degradation pathways for new antidiabetic drugs such as glutides, gliflozins, and gliptins. Special attention was paid to their reported metabolites and identified degradation products. At the same time, many interesting analytical approaches to conducting metabolism as well as degradation experiments were mentioned, including chromatographic methods and radioactive labeling of the drugs. 
  • 228
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Honey and Its Ingredients in Post-Ischemic Neurodegeneration Treatment
Neurodegeneration of the brain after ischemia is a major cause of severe, long-term disability, dementia, and mortality, which is a global problem. These phenomena are attributed to excitotoxicity, changes in the blood–brain barrier, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and ultimately neuronal death. In addition, genetic factors such as post-ischemic changes in genetic programming in the expression of amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin-1 and -2, and tau protein play an important role in the irreversible progression of post-ischemic neurodegeneration. Numerous studies have shown that the high contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in honey have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-amyloid, anti-tau protein, anticholinesterase, serotonergic, and AMPAK activities, influencing signal transmission and neuroprotective effects.
  • 480
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Comparison of Different Types of Palatal Expanders
Maxillary bone contraction is caused by genetics or ambiental factors and is often accompanied by dental crowding, with the possibility of canine inclusion, crossbite, class II and III malocclusion, temporomandibular joint disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS). Transverse maxillary deficits, in which the maxillary growth is unusually modest, are frequently treated with maxillary expansion. The purpose herein is to compare the dental and skeletal effects of different types of expanders, particularly the Leaf Expander, rapid and slow dental-anchored or skeletal-anchored maxillary expanders. 
  • 994
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Microbe-Specific Targeting by β-Lactams and Ureas
β-Lactams have been viewed as universal acylating agents of serine and cysteine enzymes of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Their use has been propelled by the COVID-19 pandemic, thus broadening their application as inhibitors of viral enzymes. The urea-based drugs have been extensively studied as inhibitors of the aforementioned enzymes.
  • 273
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of DKD
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe and common complication and affects a quarter of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress and inflammation related to hyperglycemia are interlinked and contribute to the occurrence of DKD. It was shown that sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a novel yet already widely used therapy, may prevent the development of DKD and alter its natural progression. 
  • 218
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Stromal Proliferation in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic proliferative disease showing stromal-dominant proliferation.  Inflammation in BPH tissues by various factors finally leads to tissue remodeling and stromal proliferation through the wound healing process of the prostate. The stromal proliferation of BPH develops by two pathways, including androgen-dependent and androgen-independent pathways.
  • 669
  • 04 Aug 2023
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