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Topic Review
Ly6c as New Marker of Mouse Blood Vessels
During our research we have observed that Ly6c, which is traditionally only used as a classic and non-classical monocyte / macrophage differentiating antigen, can be used as a new specific marker of the mouse vasculature and to assess qualitatively and quantitatively vascular changes in health and disease. Researchers believe that this innovative application of Ly6c immunodetection, which has shown three advantages (brighter signal, homogeneous staining and greater selectivity) compared to traditional vessel markers such as IB4 isolectin, will be of high interest to researchers in this field.
  • 875
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Syndecans and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with poor prognosis because pa-tients rarely express symptoms in initial stages, which prevents early detection and diagnosis. Syndecans, a subfamily of proteoglycans, are involved in many physiological processes includ-ing cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Syndecans are physiologically found in many cell types and their interactions with other macromolecules enhance many pathways. In particu-lar, extracellular matrix components, growth factors, and integrins collect the majority of syndecans associations acting as biochemical, physical, and mechanical transducers. Syndecans are transmembrane glycoproteins, but occasionally their extracellular domain can be released from the cell surface by the action of matrix metalloproteinases, converting them into soluble molecules that are capable of binding distant molecules such as extracellular matrix (ECM) components, growth factor receptors, and integrins from other cells.
  • 875
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Cobalamin-Dependent Metabolism and Its Implication in Solid Cancers
Cobalamin or vitamin B12 (B12) is a cofactor for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, two enzymes implicated in key pathways for cell proliferation: methylation, purine synthesis, succinylation and ATP production. Ensuring these functions in cancer cells therefore requires important cobalamin needs and its uptake through the transcobalamin II receptor (TCII-R). 
  • 875
  • 13 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Zoopharmacology
Zoopharmacognosy is the multidisciplinary approach of the self-medication behavior of many kinds of animals. Recent studies showed the presence of antitumoral secondary metabolites in some of the plants employed by animals and their use for the same therapeutic purposes in humans. Other related and sometimes confused term is Zootherapy, which consists on the employment of animal parts and/or their by-products such as toxins, venoms, etc., to treat different human ailments. Therefore, the aim of this work is to provide a brief insight for the use of Zoopharmacology (comprising Zoopharmacognosy and Zootherapy) as new paths to discover drugs studying animal behavior and/or using compounds derived from animals.
  • 875
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Targeting the Neural Circuits for Treating Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by cognitive and behavioral symptoms. These AD-related manifestations result from the alteration of neural circuitry by aggregated forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are neurotoxic. From a neuroscience perspective, identifying neural circuits that integrate various inputs and outputs to determine behaviors can provide insight into the principles of behavior. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the alterations in the neural circuits associated with AD-related behavioral and psychological symptoms. Interestingly, it is well known that the alteration of neural circuitry is prominent in the brains of patients with AD. 
  • 874
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Whole Goat Milk Formula
Whole goat milk can be used as a source of protein, fat and lactose to manufacture infant, follow-on and young child formulas. The use of whole goat milk without adjustment of the whey:casein ratio results in a formula with an average of 50% of its lipids from goat milk fat, supplying palmitic acid (including at the sn-2 position), short and medium chain fatty acids, milk fat globule membrane and cholesterol.
  • 874
  • 24 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Selection of Stationary Phases in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
The greatest challenge in the analysis of herbal components lies in their variety and complexity. Various emerging analytical techniques have offered significant support for complicated component analysis, with breakthroughs in selectivity, sensitivity, and rapid analysis. Among these techniques, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has attracted much attention because of its high column efficiency and environmental protection. SFC can be used to analyze a wide range of compounds, including non-polar and polar compounds, making it a prominent analytical platform. 
  • 875
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by host phagocytes and play an important role in antimicrobial actions against various pathogens. Autoimmune uveitis causes blindness and severe visual impairment in humans at all ages worldwide. However, the role of ROS in autoimmune uveitis remains unclear. We used ROS-deficient (Ncf1-/-) mice to investigate the role of ROS in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Besides, we also used the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine treatment to evaluate the effect of suppression of ROS on EAU in mice. The EAU disease scores of Ncf1-/- mice were significantly lower than those of wild-type mice. EAU induction increased the levels of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and TNF-α) and chemokines (MCP-1) in the retinas of wild-type mice but not in those of Ncf1-/- mice. EAU induction enhanced the level of NF-κB activity in wild-type mice. However, the level of NF-κB activity in Ncf1-/- mice with EAU induction was low. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine also decreased the severity of EAU in mice with reduced levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and NF-κB activation in the retina. We successfully revealed a novel role of ROS in the pathogenesis of EAU and suggest a potential antioxidant role for the treatment of autoimmune uveitis in the future.
  • 874
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
CT assessment of CLAD
Chronic lung allograft rejection remains one of the major causes of morbi-mortality after lung transplantation. The term Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD) has been proposed to describe the different processes that lead to a significant and persistent deterioration in lung function without identifiable causes. The two main phenotypes of CLAD are Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) and Restrictive Allograft Syndrome (RAS), each of them characterized by particular functional and imaging features. These entities can be associated (mixed phenotype) or switch from one to the other. If CLAD remains a clinical diagnosis based on spirometry, computed tomography (CT) scan plays an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of CLAD patients: •      To exclude identifiable causes of functional decline when CLAD is first suspected; •      To detect early abnormalities that can precede the diagnosis of CLAD (particularly RAS);  •      To differentiate between the obstructive and the restrictive phenotypes; •      To detect exacerbations and evolution from one phenotype to the other. Recognition of early signs of rejection is crucial, for better understanding of physiopathologic pathways and optimal management of patients. 
  • 875
  • 19 May 2021
Topic Review
The Complement System in the Central Nervous System
The functions of the complement system to both innate and adaptive immunity through opsonization, cell lysis, and inflammatory activities are well known. In contrast, the role of complement in the central nervous system (CNS) which extends beyond immunity, is only beginning to be recognized as important to neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. In addition to protecting the brain against invasive pathogens, appropriate activation of the complement system is pivotal to the maintenance of normal brain function.
  • 873
  • 28 Mar 2022
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