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Topic Review
Gut Microbiome, Immunity, and Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a common inflammatory skin disease affecting 7–10% of adults and up to 25% of young children.
  • 229
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nitric Oxide of Human Longevity and Health Span
The master molecular regulators and mechanisms determining longevity and health span include nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radicals (SOR). L-arginine, the NO synthase (NOS) substrate, can restore a healthy ratio between the dangerous SOR and the protective NO radical to promote healthy aging. Antioxidant supplementation orchestrates protection against oxidative stress and damage—L-arginine and antioxidants such as vitamin C increase NO production and bioavailability. Uncoupling of NO generation with the appearance of SOR can be induced by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). L-arginine can displace ADMA from the site of NO formation if sufficient amounts of the amino acid are available. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acids can scavenge SOR and increase the bioavailability of NO.
  • 220
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Migraine and Diets
Migraine ranks among the most prevalent neurological conditions, is a major cause of socio-economic and health problems worldwide, and affects approximately 12% of the population. Repeated migraine attacks can make sufferers physically, mentally, and socially incapacitated for several days. Nutrition and dietary triggers may be an important factor in migraine prevention since it is known that migraine attacks can be triggered by certain dietary compounds.
  • 291
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Expression and Regulation of INPP5D in  Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, accounting for approximately 38.5 million cases of all-cause dementia. Microglial cells, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have long been established as guardians of the brain by providing neuroprotection and maintaining cellular homeostasis. A protein with a myriad of effects on various important signaling pathways that is expressed in microglia is the Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing Inositol 5′ Phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) protein. Encoded by the INPP5D (Inositol Polyphosphate-5-Phosphatase D) gene, SHIP1 has diminutive effects on most microglia signaling processes. Polymorphisms of the INPP5D gene have been found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of AD.
  • 373
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Liver Liquid Biopsy in MASH Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
A liver liquid biopsy (LLBx) is a minimally invasive test that measures liver-originated by-products in plasma, i.e., proteins, circulating tumor cells, cell-free RNA, metabolomic markers, microRNA, and extracellular vesicles that precede morphological liver changes during the progression/regression of a benign or malignant liver disease process. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known for its poor prognosis, probably because >50% of patients are diagnosed at a late stage. Early diagnosis is critical for having access to effective therapeutic options such as liver resection or liver transplantation as well as locoregional radio-ablative therapies, i.e., transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and Yttrium-90 trans arterial radioembolization (Y90).
  • 233
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Utility of Bronchoscopic Cryotechniques
Cryosurgical techniques are employed for diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy and serve as important tools for the management of pulmonary diseases such as interstitial lung disease and lung cancer. The research present the literature on the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of bronchoscopy-guided cryosurgical procedures and their safety profile.
  • 152
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Semaphorin 3A and Kidney Diseases
Kidney diseases are worldwide public health problems affecting millions of people. However, there are still limited therapeutic options against kidney diseases. Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) is a secreted and membrane-associated protein, which regulates diverse functions, including immune regulation, cell survival, migration and angiogenesis, thus involving in the several pathogeneses of diseases, including eyes and neurons, as well as kidneys. SEMA3A is expressed in podocytes and tubular cells in the normal adult kidney, and recent evidence has revealed that excess SEMA3A expression and the subsequent signaling pathway aggravate kidney injury in a variety of kidney diseases, including nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease. 
  • 205
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Basics of Brain to Understand Music
Music is a complex phenomenon with multiple brain areas and neural connections being implicated. Music is a universal phenomenon that utilizes a myriad of brain resources. Engaging with music is among the most cognitively demanding tasks a human can undergo, and it is identified across all cultures; therefore, it underscores its fundamental human nature. Fundamental to understanding music are the concepts of pitch perception, rhythm perception, and tonality perception.
  • 233
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Human Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure
There is a bidirectional relationship between the heart and the gut. The gut microbiota, the community of gut micro-organisms themselves, is an excellent gut-homeostasis keeper since it controls the growth of potentially harmful bacteria and protects the microbiota environment. There is evidence suggesting that a diet rich in fatty acids can be metabolized and converted by gut microbiota and hepatic enzymes to trimethyl-amine N-oxide (TMAO), a product that is associated with atherogenesis, platelet dysfunction, thrombotic events, coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure (HF), and, ultimately, death. HF, by inducing gut ischemia, congestion, and, consequently, gut barrier dysfunction, promotes the intestinal leaking of micro-organisms and their products, facilitating their entrance into circulation and thus stimulating a low-grade inflammation associated with an immune response.
  • 308
  • 08 Oct 2023
Topic Review
3D Printing and Nanotechnologies in Biofilms
Biofilms remain one of the most pervasive complications of the medical field, representing 50–70% of all nosocomial infections and up to 80% of total microbial infections. Since biofilms contain intricately small matrices, different microenvironments, and accumulations of biodiverse microorganisms of different resistances, these structures end up being difficult to target.
  • 347
  • 08 Oct 2023
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