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Topic Review
Stimulator of Interferon Genes in Skin Cancer Modulation
The cGAS-STING signaling pathway has gained significant attention regarding its anti-tumor properties in certain malignancies, especially skin cancer. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a vital role in the fight against foreign pathogens, the activation of downstream inflammatory pathways, and anti-carcinogenesis via pro-apoptotic and senescence pathways. The STING pathway functions by detecting the presence of DNA, which subsequently leads to the activation of inflammatory modulators for host defense, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oncogenic effects.
  • 187
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nutrition Therapy in Patients with Liver Disease
Nutrition therapy in critically ill patients with liver disease represents a challenge for Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Nutritional status is correlated with the degree of hepatic dysfunction and the presence of malnutrition worsens outcomes in these patients. The nutritional risk that critically ill patients represent, together with the pathophysiological alterations of liver disease, especially in terms of nutrition intake and protein depletion, leads to malnutrition and sarcopenia. Nutrition therapy improves the survival of these patients; however, this is challenging since they more frequently experience difficulties with nutrition delivery. In consequence, both evaluation of nutritional status and an individualized approach seem mandatory for achieving nutrition objectives.
  • 271
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Insulin Resistance Causes Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and the only effective countermeasure is to prevent the disease progression by early diagnosis. The reason why new drug candidates fail to show therapeutic effects in clinical studies may be due to misunderstanding the cause of AD. Regarding the cause of AD, the most widely known is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the deposition of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau is the cause. However, many new hypotheses were suggested. Among them, based on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a connection between AD and diabetes, insulin resistance has been pointed out as an important factor in the development of AD. 
  • 299
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular reprogramming process that occurs during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. This process involves epithelial cells acquiring a mesenchymal phenotype. Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) has become a hot issue in colorectal cancer (CRC) because strong inducers of EMT (such as transforming growth factor β, TGF-β) can initiate EMT and regulate metastasis, micro-environment, and immune system resistance in CRC.
  • 357
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
ErbB Receptors in Endometrial Cancer
In EC, the expression of ErbB receptors is significantly different, compared with the premenopausal and postmenopausal endometrium, mainly because of the increased transcriptional activity of ErbB encoding genes in EC cells. Moreover, there are some differences in ErbB-2 receptor profile among EC subgroups that could be explained by the alterations in pathophysiology and clinical behavior of various EC histologic subtypes. The fact that ErbB-2 receptor expression is more common in aggressive EC histologic subtypes (papillary serous and clear cell) could indicate a future role of ErbB-targeted therapies in well-defined EC subgroups with overexpression of ErbB receptors.
  • 174
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Non-Calcified Coronary Artery Plaque on Coronary CT Angiogram
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and remains a great healthcare concern. Early detection of coronary artery plaque before its progression to calcification can allow early interventions towards regression. This will eventually translate into a lower incidence of future cardiovascular (CV) events. Dedicated and focused outcome-based research is highly indicated in this area to assess if there is utility of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with zero or minimum coronary artery calcium score of zero (CACS). CCTA can be performed with minimal possible radiation exposure.
  • 521
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Management of Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic impairment that further decreases quality of life and life expectancy. Worldwide, childhood obesity has become a pandemic health issue causing several comorbidities that frequently present already in childhood, including cardiovascular (hypertension, dyslipidemia), metabolic (Type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome), respiratory, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal disorders.
  • 223
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychological Status in IBD Patients
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a considerable impact on the global healthcare system and potentially the clinical course of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although IBD is a chronic disease, its therapy (except steroid therapy) does not increase the risk of contracting or aggravating COVID-19.
  • 215
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Non-Coding RNAs in Myelodysplastic Neoplasms
Myelodysplastic syndromes or neoplasms (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid clonal disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias, blood and marrow cell dysplasia, and increased risk of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, serve as regulators of normal and malignant hematopoiesis and have been implicated in carcinogenesis.
  • 243
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Neural Correlates of Developmental Prosopagnosia
Faces play a crucial role in social interactions. Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) refers to the lifelong difficulty in recognizing faces despite the absence of obvious signs of brain lesions. In recent decades, the neural substrate of this condition has been extensively investigated. While early neuroimaging studies did not reveal significant functional and structural abnormalities in the brains of individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DPs), the evidence identifies abnormalities at multiple levels within DPs’ face-processing networks. 
  • 207
  • 16 Oct 2023
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