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Topic Review
A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand in IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis
A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL), the thirteenth member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, plays a key role in the regulation of activated B cells, the survival of long-lived plasma cells, and immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype class switching. Several lines of evidence have implicated APRIL in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN).
  • 187
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Oral Manifestations of Graft vs. Host Disease
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). GVHD may also develop following solid transplants or blood transfusions if white blood cells are transferred. GVHD affects multiple organs, including the oral tissues. 
  • 136
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Ovarian Cancers
There have been significant developments in treatment for ovarian cancer, yet the lack of targeted therapy with few side effects still represents a major issue. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family plays a vital role in the tumorigenesis process and metabolism of drugs and has a negative impact on therapy outcomes. Gaining more insight into CYP expression is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer since many isoforms are essential to the metabolism of xenobiotics and steroid hormones, which drive the disease’s development. 
  • 131
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Role of Mevalonate Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer’s substantial impact on cancer-related mortality, responsible for 8% of cancer deaths and ranking fourth in the US, persists despite advancements, with a five-year relative survival rate of only 11%. The mevalonate pathway and its components play crucial roles in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Targeting cholesterol metabolism, particularly through the use of statins, holds promise as a therapeutic strategy.
  • 277
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19
The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted the health and socioeconomic status of humans worldwide. Pulmonary infection of SARS-CoV-2 results in exorbitant viral replication and associated onset of inflammatory cytokine storm and disease pathology in various internal organs. At present, the pathological manifestations of acute and long-term COVID-19 and the underlying pathogenesis is not fully understood. Although currently used mRNA vaccines help to reduce the death among COVID cases, the protective effect is not long-lasting. Similarly, there is no targeted therapy available currently to cure COVID-19. Therefore, additional studies to understand the host-pathogen interactions are urgently needed to develop improved vaccines and therapeutic interventions to combat the current global COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 296
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Algae Food Products as a Healthcare Solution
Diseases such as obesity; cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, myocardial infarction and stroke; digestive diseases such as celiac disease; certain types of cancer and osteoporosis are related to food. On the other hand, as the world’s population increases, the ability of the current food production system to produce food consistently is at risk. As a result, intensive agriculture has contributed to climate change and a major environmental impact. Research is, therefore, needed to find new sustainable food sources. One of the most promising sources of sustainable food raw materials is macroalgae. Algae are crucial to solving this nutritional deficiency because they are abundant in bioactive substances that have been shown to combat diseases such as hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. 
  • 338
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pain in Colorectal Surgery
Pain is a complex entity with deleterious effects on the entire organism. Poorly controlled postoperative pain impacts the patient outcome, being associated with increased morbidity, inadequate quality of life and functional recovery.
  • 188
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Double J Stents and Reno–Ureteral Lithiasis during COVID-19
Urolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a common urological condition that often necessitates emergency medical attention. During the COVID-19 epidemic, significant shifts occurred in the available options for treating urinary stones. Obstructed reno–ureteral stones or infected ones should be treated as an emergency by decompression. Ureteral stents were a safe, efficient, and cost-effective procedure for urolithiasis during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, they reduce the risk of infection and hospital visits. Therefore, it was a valuable option in urolithiasis treatment during the pandemic.
  • 265
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Dipeptidyl Amino-Peptidase 3 (DPP3) in Cardiogenic Shock
Dipeptidyl amino-peptidase 3 (DPP3) is an aminopeptidase that is released into circulation upon cell death. DPP3 is involved in the degradation of angiotensins, enkephalines, and endomorphines. It has been shown that circulating DPP3 (cDPP3) plasma concentration increases in cardiogenic shock (CS) patients and correlates with high mortality risk. Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening syndrome associated with organ hypoperfusion. One of the common causes of CS is acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  • 218
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
SRC-3 Has Multiple Roles in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women and is also one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Most breast tumors are hormone-dependent and estrogen signaling plays a critical role in promoting the survival and malignant behaviors of these cells. Estrogen signaling involves ligand-activated cytoplasmic estrogen receptors that translocate to the nucleus with various co-regulators, such as steroid receptor co-activator (SRC) family members, and bind to the promoters of target genes and regulate their expression. SRC-3 is a member of this family that interacts with, and enhances, the transcriptional activity of the ligand activated estrogen receptor. Although SRC-3 has important roles in normal homeostasis and developmental processes, it has been shown to be amplified and overexpressed in breast cancer and to promote malignancy.
  • 211
  • 09 Nov 2023
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