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Topic Review
Impaired Pressure-Natriuresis
Blood pressure is a heritable trait because hypertension occurs with a familial tendency. The heritability of sitting and standing blood pressure was estimated to be between 39% and 63% in twins and between 16% and 22% in families. Although the brain, kidneys, and blood vessels are major organs involved in regulating blood pressure and inducing hypertension, the kidneys have a unique relationship with blood pressure, suggesting that some genetic factors elevating or decreasing blood pressure exist in the kidney.
  • 271
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease caused by a genetic alteration of the SERPING1 gene and characterized by recurrent attacks of angioedema that involve the skin, and the mucosae of the gastrointestinal tract and upper airways, which significantly affect the quality of life of patients. 
  • 139
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Potential of Noscapine in Cancer Treatment
Noscapine is a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Papaver somniferum, commonly known as opium poppy or bread seed poppy. It edges over other opioids as it lacks addictive, sedative or euphoric effects. Noscapine, a substance first noted for its antitussive and anti-stroke qualities, has drawn significant interest for its potential as a cancer treatment.
  • 144
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cytokine Adsorption in Lung Transplantation and Heart Transplantation
Cytokine adsorption can resolve different complications characteristic of transplantation medicine, such as cytokine storm activation and blood ABO and immune incompatibilities. Cytokine adsorption is also performed for the treatment of various life-threatening conditions, such as endotoxic septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cardiogenic shock, all potentially leading to adverse clinical outcomes during transplantation. After surgery, dysmetabolism and stress response limit successful graft survival and can lead to primary or secondary graft dysfunction. In this clinical context, and given that a major problem in transplant medicine is that the demand for organs far exceeds the supply, a technological innovation such as a hemoadsorption system could greatly contribute to increasing the number of usable organ donors.
  • 161
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Snake Venom Neurotoxins Targeting Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels
The venom derived from various sources of snakes represents a vast collection of predominantly protein-based toxins that exhibit a wide range of biological actions, including but not limited to inflammation, pain, cytotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The venom of a particular snake species is composed of several toxins, while the venoms of around 600 venomous snake species collectively encompass a substantial reservoir of pharmacologically intriguing compounds. Findings have demonstrated the potential application of neurotoxins derived from snake venom in selectively targeting voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv). These neurotoxins include bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI)-Kunitz polypeptides, phospholipas A2 (PLA2) neurotoxins, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), serine proteases (SVSPs), and various others.
  • 226
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive condition that is most often caused by a massive resection of the small intestine. Its prevalence is 3–4 per million and occurs in about 15% of adult patients undergoing an intestinal resection, either massive (3/4) or from multiple sequential resections (1/4). SBS and intestinal failure (IF) are not necessarily synonymous. Intestinal failure describes the state when an individual’s gastrointestinal function is inadequate to maintain his or her nutrient and hydration status without intravenous or enteral supplementation. 
  • 222
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
GLP-1 Biomarkers in the Development of Metabolic Disorders
Metabolic illnesses, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, have become worldwide epidemics that have an effect on public health. Clinical investigations and further exploration of these mechanisms could lead to innovative, effective, and personalized treatment strategies for individuals. It is important to screen biomarkers in previous studies to discover what is missing. Glucagon-like peptide-1′s role in insulin secretion and glucose control highlights its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.  In validating these biomarkers, it will be easier to reflect pathophysiological processes, and clinicians will be able to better assess disease severity, monitor disease progression, and tailor treatment strategies. 
  • 174
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Resveratrol Encapsulation as an Anticancer Agent
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that has gained considerable attention in the past decade due to its multifaceted therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, its anticancer efficacy is impeded by low water solubility, dose-limiting toxicity, low bioavailability, and rapid hepatic metabolism. To overcome these hurdles, various nanoparticles such as organic and inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, carbon nanotubes, bioactive glass nanoparticles, and mesoporous nanoparticles were employed to deliver resveratrol, enhancing its water solubility, bioavailability, and efficacy against various types of cancer.
  • 220
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Regulation and Oncogenic Functions of TSPAN8
Tetraspanins, a superfamily of small integral membrane proteins, are characterized by four transmembrane domains and conserved protein motifs that are configured into a unique molecular topology and structure in the plasma membrane. They act as key organizers of the plasma membrane, orchestrating the formation of specialized microdomains called “tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs)” or “tetraspanin nanodomains” that are essential for mediating diverse biological processes. TSPAN8 is one of the earliest identified tetraspanin members. It is known to interact with a wide range of molecular partners in different cellular contexts and regulate diverse molecular and cellular events at the plasma membrane, including cell adhesion, migration, invasion, signal transduction, and exosome biogenesis. The functions of cell-surface TSPAN8 are governed by ER targeting, modifications at the Golgi apparatus and dynamic trafficking. Intriguingly, limited evidence shows that TSPAN8 can translocate to the nucleus to act as a transcriptional regulator. The transcription of TSPAN8 is tightly regulated and restricted to defined cell lineages, where it can serve as a molecular marker of stem/progenitor cells in certain normal tissues as well as tumors. 
  • 167
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Oral Disease Modifying Therapy on Multiple Sclerosis-Related Fatigue
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system by causing inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. Fatigue is the most prevalent and one of the most disabling symptoms among people with MS (pwMS). Due to its complexity and subjective character, fatigue is still little understood despite its frequent occurrence and severe impact.
  • 126
  • 22 Jan 2024
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