Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
PARP Inhibition in Prostate Cancer Patients
The increasing diffusion of genetic analysis regarding the pathogenetic variants (PVs) of genes involved in DNA Damage Repair (DDR) mechanisms and the development of Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) led to the first valid precision medicine option tailored toward metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). The concept of anticipation in the systemic treatment of mPC was initially adopted for androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) to describe the expansion of their indications, from the setting of the late-stage second-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to first-line therapy in selected cases. There is already mounting evidence in favor of the anticipation of PARPis in the first line of mCRPC therapy, and further evidence in favor of mHSPC is emerging. 
  • 204
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
MicroRNAs in Acute Kidney Injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome where a rapid decrease in kidney function and/or urine output is observed, which may result in the imbalance of water, electrolytes and acid base. It is associated with poor prognosis and prolonged hospitalization. miRNAs are non-coding and single-stranded RNAs that silence their target genes in the post-transcriptional process and are involved in a wide range of biological processes.
  • 495
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols in Neurodegenerative Diseases
It has been shown that polyphenols in various natural sources can provide curative effects against various brain diseases and disorders through neuroprotective effects. These neuroprotective effects are mainly attributed to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, remove reactive oxygen species, and cause chelation of metal ions. Polyphenols increase the concentration of neurotrophic factors and bind directly to the membrane receptors of these neurotrophic factors to modulate and activate the signaling cascades that allow the plasticity, survival, proliferation, and growth of neuronal cells, allowing better learning, memory, and cognition. Furthermore, polyphenols do not have serious adverse side effects from their consumption.
  • 330
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Toll-like Receptors and Eicosanoids in Sepsis
Sepsis is the leading cause of death from infection. Its incidence is on the rise. Sepsis is characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, and it can occur after major surgery and injury. TLRs (toll-like receptors) regulate free radical generation, macrophage and leukocyte function, and modulate eicosanoid synthesis, and thus have a critical role in inflammation, immune response, and development and/or recovery from sepsis.
  • 151
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Hemodiafiltration on Biomarkers
Dialysis treatment has improved the survival of patients with kidney failure. However, the hospitalization and mortality rates remain alarmingly high, primarily due to incomplete uremic toxin elimination. High-volume hemodiafiltration (HDF) has emerged as a promising approach that significantly improves patient outcomes by effectively eliminating medium and large uremic toxins, which explains its increasing adoption, particularly in Europe and Japan.
  • 129
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Role of Autophagy in Postischemic Brain Neurodegeneration
After cerebral ischemia, autophagy was found to be activated in neuronal, glial and vascular cells. Some studies have shown the protective properties of autophagy in postischemic brain, while other studies have shown completely opposite properties. Thus, autophagy is now presented as a double-edged sword with possible therapeutic potential in brain ischemia. 
  • 194
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Exercise Effects on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients
Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is a dynamic process, which is characterized by changes in ventricular size, shape, and wall thickness, thus altering myocardial geometry and function, and is considered as a negative prognostic factor in patients with heart failure (HF). Hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity are strongly correlated with the development and the progression of LV remodeling, LV hypertrophy, and LV systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction. Indeed, the beneficial impact of exercise training on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been well-established. Exercise training enhances functional capacity, muscle strength and endurance, cardiac function, and cardiac-related biomarkers among patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) or HF, thus substantially improving their cardiovascular prognosis, survival rates, and need for rehospitalization. 
  • 262
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), also called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), are relatively uncommon, heterogenous tumors primarily originating in the gastrointestinal tract. With the improvement in technology and increasing use of cross-sectional imaging and endoscopy, they are being discovered with increasing frequency. Advanced gastrointestinal endoscopic technique scan play a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of this rare condition.
  • 237
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between Gut Microbiota and CKD and ESKD
A microbiota describes all microorganisms that colonize the epidermis, respiratory tract, genital system, and especially the gastrointestinal tract. In a healthy state, gut microbiota (GM) plays several critical roles in our bodies, such as helping to metabolize nutrients, preserving the structural soundness of the gut’s mucosal barrier, moderating immune responses, and providing defense against harmful pathogens. The gut microbiota (GM) plays a vital role in human health, with increasing evidence linking its imbalance to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). 
  • 179
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Redox Regulation of Nrf2 in Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury
Cisplatin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is marred by severe nephrotoxicity that is governed by mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways. The transcription factor Nrf2, pivotal in cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, is the master regulator of the antioxidant response, upregulating antioxidants and cytoprotective genes under oxidative stress.
  • 199
  • 12 Sep 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 1349
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback