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Topic Review
Hemoptysis in Cancer Patients
Hemoptysis in cancer patients is a potentially serious symptom that requires detailed evaluation by oncologists and emergency department physicians. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to address both the immediate concern of bleeding and the broader implications for the patient's cancer care. As hemoptysis in cancer patients indicates the presence of complications or progression of the disease, investigating the underlying cause using appropriate diagnostic procedures such as imaging studies (CT scans, bronchoscopy) and laboratory tests is vital, as it can significantly impact treatment choices and potentially alter the patient's overall prognosis. Risk stratification for cancer patients presenting with hemoptysis will support a personalized treatment approach that ensures that each patient receives tailored and effective care and identifies patients who are at a higher risk of deterioration, warranting more aggressive diagnostic and treatment plans and close, continuous monitoring for these patients.
  • 193
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
PI3K/AKT/GSK3 Pathway Involved in Psychiatric Illnesses
Psychiatric illnesses may be qualified to the cellular impairments of the function for survival or death in neurons, which may consequently appear as abnormalities in the neuroplasticity. The molecular mechanism has not been well understood, however, it seems that PI3K, AKT, GSK3, and their downstream molecules have crucial roles in the pathogenesis. Through transducing cell surviving signal, the PI3K/AKT/GSK3 pathway may organize an intracellular central network for the action of the synaptic neuroplasticity. In addition, the pathways may also regulate cell proliferation, cell migration, and apoptosis. Several lines of evidence have supported a role for this signaling network underlying the development and treatment for psychiatric illnesses.
  • 375
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Visceral Hypersensitivity Association with  Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a severe problem in the health service. It is estimated that it accounts for 3% of all medical consultations. Moreover, this diagnosis is made in the case of about 40% of all outpatient gastroenterological referrals. The visceral stimuli from the digestive tract are transmitted via afferent nerves through the spinal cord to the brain, where they are felt as pain. The overreaction observed in the brain of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients may be due to increased peripheral sensitivity to stimuli from the gastrointestinal tract.
  • 234
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy and Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms and has led to profound changes in  lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism and arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, and more. The disease has caused a worldwide pandemic, and despite various measures such as social distancing, various preventive strategies, and therapeutic approaches, and the creation of vaccines, the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for the scientific community.
  • 432
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cannabinoid Locations in the Central Nervous System
Neuroinflammation is a complex biological process that typically originates as a protective response in the brain. This inflammatory process is triggered by the release of pro-inflammatory substances like cytokines, prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species from stimulated endothelial and glial cells, including those with pro-inflammatory functions, in the outer regions. While neuronal inflammation is common in various central nervous system disorders, the specific inflammatory pathways linked with different immune-mediated cell types and the various factors influencing the blood-brain barrier significantly contribute to disease-specific characteristics.
  • 281
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Toxicity of Dentifrices
The regular use of adequate toothpaste with safe active ingredients possessing anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regenerative properties is one of the most effective strategies for oral healthcare. In addition to water, a typical toothpaste consists of a variety of components, among which three are of predominant importance, i.e., abrasive substances, fluoride, and detergents. These ingredients provide healthy teeth, but their environmental impact on living organisms are often not well-known.
  • 156
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Molybdenum Disulfide Biosensor for Cancer Biomarker Detection
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, whose unique adjustable bandgap shows excellent electronic and optical properties in the construction of biosensor interfaces. It not only has the advantages of a high catalytic activity and low manufacturing costs, but it can also further expand the application of hybrid structures through different functionalization, and it is widely used in various biosensors fields. 
  • 477
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Collagen Treatment
Collagen, the most abundant protein in our bodies, plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of various tissues and organs. Collagen treatment offers a range of advantages, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, wound healing support, benefits for hair and nail health, improvement in gut health, support for joint health, skin rejuvenation, and potential support for musculoskeletal disorders and cardiovascular health.
  • 389
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Autophagy in Response to BRAF-Targeted Therapies
BRAF-targeted therapies are widely used for the treatment of melanoma patients with BRAF V600 mutations. Vemurafenib, dabrafenib as well as encorafenib have demonstrated substantial therapeutic activity; however, as is the case with other chemotherapeutic agents, the frequent development of resistance limits their efficacy. Autophagy is one tumor survival mechanism that could contribute to BRAF inhibitor resistance, and multiple studies support an association between vemurafenib-induced and dabrafenib-induced autophagy and tumor cell survival.
  • 140
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Amygdalin as a Promising Anticancer Agent
Amygdalin, also known as vitamin B17 (and laetrile, a synthetic compound), is a cyanogenic glycoside compound that is mainly found in the kernels and pulps of fruits. This compound has been proposed for decades as a promising naturally occurring substance which may provide anticancer effects.
  • 322
  • 11 Oct 2023
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