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Topic Review
Nutritional Factors Associated with Dental Caries
Nutrition and dietetic care span various life stages, addressing nutritional needs and exploring factors that shape dietary habits. Globally, an alarming disproportion in food resource distribution, coupled with substandard nutritional intake, underscores profound implications for oral health. 
  • 325
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
The History of HER2 Inhibitors
HER2 is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and affects the prognosis of patients, making it a highly sensitive target for cancer therapy. Since the approval of the first HER2 inhibitor, trastuzumab, in 1998, HER2-targeted drugs have rapidly evolved. Currently, targeting HER2 drugs mainly include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). 
  • 95
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Nutrition in Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are common benign tumors in women. They pose significant public health concerns due to their prevalence and impact on women's quality of life. It's important to investigates various dietary components and their potential roles in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of uterine fibroids.
  • 240
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Gene Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex and multifactorial disease and a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population. The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has revolutionized the management and prognosis of neovascular AMD (nAMD) and is currently the standard of care for this disease. However, patients are required to receive repeated injections, imposing substantial social and economic burdens. The implementation of gene therapy methods to achieve sustained delivery of various therapeutic proteins holds the promise of a single treatment that could ameliorate the treatment challenges associated with chronic intravitreal therapy, and potentially improve visual outcomes. Several early-phase trials are currently underway, evaluating the safety and efficacy of gene therapy for nAMD; however, areas of controversy persist, including the therapeutic target, route of administration, and potential safety issues.
  • 411
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Domestic Animal Models of Central Nervous System Tumors
Intracranial primary tumors (IPTs) are aggressive forms of malignancies that cause high mortality in both humans and domestic animals. Meningiomas are frequent adult IPTs in humans, dogs, and cats, and both benign and malignant forms cause a decrease in life quality and survival. Surgery is the primary therapeutic approach to treat meningiomas, but, in many cases, it is not resolutive. The chemotherapy and targeted therapy used to treat meningiomas also display low efficacy and many side effects. Therefore, it is essential to find novel pharmacological approaches to increase the spectrum of therapeutic options for meningiomas.
  • 574
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Taming Postoperative Delirium with Dexmedetomidine
Postoperative delirium (POD) represents a perioperative neurocognitive disorder that has dreaded ramifications on a patient’s recovery from surgery. Dexmedetomidine displays multiple mechanisms of neuroprotection to assist in preventing POD as a part of a comprehensive anesthetic care plan.
  • 188
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer’s Disease
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a unique and selective feature of the central nervous system’s vasculature. BBB dysfunction has been observed as an early sign of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) before the onset of dementia or neurodegeneration. The intricate relationship between the BBB and the pathogenesis of AD, especially in the context of neurovascular coupling and the overlap of pathophysiology in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases, underscores the urgency to understand the BBB’s role more deeply. Preserving or restoring the BBB function emerges as a potentially promising strategy for mitigating the progression and severity of AD. Molecular and genetic changes, such as the isoform ε4 of apolipoprotein E (ApoEε4), a significant genetic risk factor and a promoter of the BBB dysfunction, have been shown to mediate the BBB disruption. Additionally, receptors and transporters like the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) have been implicated in AD’s pathogenesis.
  • 149
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Multifaceted Potential of Sulforaphane
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower. It has been widely studied for its potential as a neuroprotective and anticancer agent. SFN has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, the modulation of neuroinflammation, and epigenetic mechanisms. In cancer treatment, SFN has demonstrated the ability to selectively induce cell death in cancer cells, inhibit histone deacetylase, and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. SFN has also shown chemoprotective properties through inhibiting phase I metabolizing enzymes, modulating phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and targeting cancer stem cells. 
  • 313
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Enhancing Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Therapeutic Delivery with DG9
Antisense oligonucleotide-based (ASO) therapeutics have emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of human disorders. Charge-neutral phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) have promising biological and pharmacological properties for antisense applications. Despite their great potential, the efficient delivery of these therapeutic agents to target cells remains a major obstacle to their widespread use. Cellular uptake of naked PMO is poor. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) appear as a possibility to increase the cellular uptake and intracellular delivery of oligonucleotide-based drugs. Among these, the DG9 peptide has been identified as a versatile CPP with remarkable potential for enhancing the delivery of ASO-based therapeutics due to its unique structural features. Notably, in the context of PMOs, DG9 has shown promise in enhancing delivery while maintaining a favorable toxicity profile. 
  • 397
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications. It is related to several gestational and fetal adverse outcomes. Moreover, women with GDM and their infants have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The pathogenesis of GDM is not completely understood; nevertheless, two factors that contribute to its development are oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation are related; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can activate inflammatory cells and enhance the production of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation, in turn, leads to an increased ROS release, causing a vicious circle to ensue. Inflammatory responses can be achieved via the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
  • 202
  • 18 Dec 2023
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