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Topic Review
Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
The interaction of the cellular environment surrounding the tumor plays a relevant role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis. The tumor microenvironment is directly implicated in the modulation of liver fibrosis, the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. Besides liver cancer cells, several cell types participate in the tumor progression in the liver. 
  • 579
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
IMGG
IMGG, integrating multiple single-cell datasets through connected graphs and generative adversarial networks (GAN) to eliminate nonbiological differences between different batches. Compared with current methods, IMGG shows excellent performance on a variety of evaluation metrics, and the IMGG-corrected gene expression data incorporate features from multiple batches, allowing for downstream tasks such as differential gene expression analysis. 
  • 943
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Passage of H2O2 during Retrograde Signalling
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated during photosynthesis, is proposed to both initiate and transduce a retrograde signal in response to photoinhibitory light intensities.
  • 385
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrosing interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Different types of cells are involved in fibrogenesis, which is persistently physical and molecular stimulation, either directly or by interacting with bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Current evidence suggests that EVs play an essential role in IPF development. EVs are released by a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages. In addition, EVs can transport bioactive molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which play a pivotal role in cellular communication. Several proposed mechanisms show that an acceptor cell can capture, absorb, or interact with EVs through direct fusion with the plasma membrane, ligand–receptor interaction, and endocytotic process, modifying the target cell. During fibrogenesis, the release of EVs is deregulated, increases the EVs amount, and the cargo content is modified. This alteration is closely associated with the maintenance of the fibrotic microenvironment. 
  • 629
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Doublecortin
Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule associated protein, essential for correct central nervous system development and lamination in the mammalian cortex. It has been demonstrated to be expressed in developing but not in mature neurons. The teleost visual system is an ideal model to study mechanisms of adult neurogenesis due to its continuous life-long growth. Immunohistochemical, in silico, and western blot analysis to detect the DCX protein in the visual system of teleost fish are described here.
  • 480
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Gamma
Protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPRG) is an enzyme that remove phosphate groups from phosphotyrosine residues of specific intracellular targets. It belongs to the tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family of proteins and it is widely expressed in human tissues. 
  • 636
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Haematological Malignancies
Epithelium integrity is maintained by the apical-basal polarity of epithelial cells generated by adhesions at cell-cell junctions and with the basal lamina. However, under specific physiological conditions, epithelial cells lose the contacts with neighbouring cells and the subjacent matrix, adopting a highly motile mesenchymal phenotype. This cell behaviour is called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it is critical for tissue morphogenesis during embryonic development and in adulthood for wound healing.
  • 375
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Neutrophil Cell Death
Traditionally, neutrophils were seen as terminally differentiated cells destined to commit suicide on their one-way mission from bone marrow to the tissue. Neutrophils are an essential component of the innate immune response, but they are also a major contributor to inflammation. Neutrophil homeostasis is tightly regulated through balance between granulopoiesis, bone marrow storage and release, intravascular margination, and clearance of dying cells.
  • 509
  • 22 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Prokineticins and Prokineticin Receptors
Prokineticins are a new class of chemokine-like peptides involved in a wide range of biological and pathological activities. In particular, prokineticin 2 (PK2), prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2) play a central role in modulating neuroinflammatory processes. PK2 and PKRs, which are physiologically expressed at very low levels, are strongly upregulated during inflammation and regulate neuronal-glial interaction.
  • 266
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
SLC26A9 in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
SLC26A9 belongs to the solute carrier family 26 (SLC26), which comprises membrane proteins related to the phylogenetically older SLC26-SulP gene family. On the basis of different preliminary findings, including the phenotype of SlC26A9-deficient mice and its possible role as a gene modifier of the human phenotype and treatment response, SLC26A9 has emerged as one of the most interesting alternative targets for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF).
  • 358
  • 18 Feb 2022
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