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Topic Review
Nanotechnology-Assisted Cell Tracking
The beneficial effects of nanotechnology in the field of disease diagnosis and therapy depends on the evolution of innovative approaches for cell tracking in living subjects. Recent developments in the use of nanotechnologies have contributed to advance of the high-resolution in vivo imaging methods as well as targeted disease approaches. In this context, the application of strategies for the biomimetic design and functionalization of nanoparticles (NP) to be used for directing cell labelling and their intracellular retention have received growing interest and require further investigation to improve direct cell tracking protocols allowing non-invasive long-term targeted monitoring through in vivo imaging.
  • 550
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
microRNA and Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity
Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction is bolstered by chronic, low-grade inflammation and impairs systemic metabolic health. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) perpetuate local inflammation but are crucial to adipose tissue homeostasis, exerting heterogeneous, niche-specific functions. Diversified macrophage actions are shaped through finely regulated factors, including microRNAs, which post-transcriptionally alter macrophage activation.
  • 578
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Cancer Stem Cells
Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE), a major mechanism for Ca2+influx from the extracellular medium into excitable and non-excitable cells, is physiologically triggered by the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and the production of IP3, which subsequently leads to the release of Ca2+from intracellular stores, mainly the ER, resulting in the activation of store-operated calcium channels in the plasma membrane and a rapid increase in cytosolic Ca2+concentration. SOCE is an extremely complex biological mechanism, with high dependency on the pattern of expression of its components-STIMs, Orai, and TRPC proteins- and its modulators in each cell type. Since the last decades of the 20th century, several studies, both in vivo and in vitro, have reported that an altered expression pattern of the proteins that mediate SOCE leads to unbalanced Ca2+homeostasis, which might contribute to tumor development, poor prognosis, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
  • 462
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Intracellular Signalling in Wound Healing
The cells response to injury is initiated by growth factors and cytokines that play a key role in wound restoration, and their biological action is achieved via signal transduction. Growth factors and cytokines play distinct roles through all phases of wound healing. In response to injury, they can trigger several strategic signalling transduction pathways that are mostly activated during embryonic skin development. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and calcium (Ca2+) are the first intracellular signalling molecules for tissue repair response. These signalling molecules regulate several biological activities including cellular migration, proliferation, contractility, survival and many more related to different transcription factors that are usually induced by several other intracellular signalling pathways. This phenomenon makes it difficult to link a specific signalling response to injury.
  • 986
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Physiological Significance of Esophageal TRPV4 Channel
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a non-selective cation channel that is broadly expressed in different human tissues, including the digestive system, where it acts as a molecular sensor and a transducer that regulates a variety of functional activities.
  • 516
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Cellular Protein Trafficking in Low-Temperature Response Pathway
Over the years, although substantial progress has been made in understanding low-temperature response mechanisms in plants, the research is more focused on aerial parts of the plants rather than on the root or whole plant, and more efforts have been made in identifying and testing the major regulators of this pathway preferably in the model organism rather than in crop plants. For the low-temperature stress response mechanism, ICE-CBF regulatory pathway turned out to be the solely established pathway, and historically most of the low-temperature research is focused on this single pathway instead of exploring other alternative regulators.
  • 459
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Current Advanced on Raman Spectroscopy
Nowadys, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been used in several studies on animal cells. Also, the method is popular among biophysicists and life science researchers. RS allows for the study of living cells in their natural conditions without any damage. RS is a well-known approach used in many of biomedical studies. Since biomolecules are involved, the main obstacle to the use of such methods in life science research is the low signal of Raman scattering. There are a number of modifications of RS that allow Raman scattering to be improved. There are existing approaches to detect Raman signals not only on the surface of human skin, but also inside the vasculature and various organs of patients.
  • 693
  • 23 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Lines
Numerous bioactive plant additives have shown various positive effects in pigs and chickens. The demand for feed additives of natural origin has increased rapidly in recent years to support the health of farm animals and thus minimize the need for antibiotics and other drugs. Although only in vivo experiments can fully represent their effect on the organism, the establishment of reliable in vitro methods is becoming increasingly important in the goal of reducing the use of animals in experiments. The use of cell models requires strict control of the experimental conditions so that reliability and reproducibility can be achieved. In particular, the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 represents a promising model for the development of new additives. It offers the possibility to investigate antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti- or pro-proliferative and antiviral effects.
  • 577
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations
Marginal zone (MZ) B-cells are innate-like, and possess a polyreactive B-cell receptor (BCR) and several pattern recognition receptors (PRR). They are known to generate low-affinity first-line antibody responses against invading pathogens such as encapsulated bacteria. Unfortunately, deregulations affecting MZ B-cell populations have been reported in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other chronic inflammatory conditions. 
  • 620
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Marginal Zone Precursor-Like in Diseases
Marginal zone (MZ) B-cells are innate-like, and possess a polyreactive B-cell receptor (BCR) and several pattern recognition receptors (PRR). They are known to generate low-affinity first-line antibody responses against invading pathogens such as encapsulated bacteria.
  • 259
  • 22 Apr 2022
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