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Topic Review
RNA-Binding Protein Rbm24
Rbm24 (RNA-binding motif protein 24) is an evolutionarily conserved RBP that contains a single RNA recognition motif (RRM) at its N-terminal region [13–15]. It exhibits strongly restricted tissue-specific expression patterns during vertebrate development [16], and emerges as an important regulator of cellular differentiation and a potential factor implicated in human disease. Rbm24 gene exhibits strongly conserved expression in the somites, heart, lens and otic vesicle of all vertebrate embryos. It is involved in different aspects of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, including pre-mRNA alternative splicing, mRNA stability and polyadenylation. Knockout of this gene in mice and zebrafish causes severe developmental defects, such as heart malformations, cataract formation and hearing deficits.
  • 612
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Two Faces of Vitamin C: AA vs. DHA
Historically, vitamin C has been associated with many regulatory processes that involve specific signaling pathways. Among the most studied signaling pathways are those involved in the regulation of aging, differentiation, neurotransmission, proliferation, and cell death processes in cancer. This wide variety of regulatory effects is due to the fact that vitamin C has a dual mechanism of action. The reduced form of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) is an essential micronutrient of small size; it is soluble in water and has two dissociable protons with pKa values of 4.2 and 11.8. At physiological pH, its reduced form predominates as the monovalent ascorbate anion (AA); when it loses the second proton, it is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA).
  • 612
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Male Fertility and Sperm Lipid
Sperm plasma membrane lipids are essential for the function and integrity of mammalian spermatozoa. Various lipid types are involved in each key step within the fertilization process in their own yet coordinated way. For instance, loss of asymmetric transbilayer distribution and the substantial loss of cholesterol and phospholipid occur during capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR). The balance between lipid metabolism is tightly regulated to ensure physiological cellular processes, especially referring to crucial steps such as sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction or fusion. At the same time, it has been shown that male reproductive function depends on the homeostasis of sperm lipids.
  • 612
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
HFpEF
Heart failure (HF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming the predominant form of HF. However, medical therapy that improves cardiovascular outcome in HF patients with almost normal and normal systolic left ventricular function, but diastolic dysfunction is missing. The cause of this unmet need is incomplete understanding of HFpEF pathophysiology, the heterogeneity of the patient population, and poor matching of therapeutic mechanisms and primary pathophysiological processes.
  • 612
  • 11 Mar 2022
Biography
Clemente Estable
Clemente Estable (23 May 1894, Canelones – 27 October 1976, Montevideo) was a University Professor and Docent. He was a pioneer in the areas of cellular biology and neurobiology research. Estable was an educator, scientist and philosopher who left his mark on the intellectual collective thinking of his native land. He lived his life guided by strong democratic values and ethical principles and
  • 611
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Th17 Response in COVID-19
COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infections occurs through droplets and contaminated objects. A rapid and well-coordinated immune system response is the first line of defense in a viral infection. However, a disturbed and over-activated immune response may be counterproductive, causing damage to the body. Severely ill patients hospitalised with COVID-19 exhibit increased levels of many cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Increasing evidence suggests that Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, not only by activating cytokine cascade but also by inducing Th2 responses, inhibiting Th1 differentiation and suppressing Treg cells.
  • 611
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Lysosomes in Maintaining Stem Cell Quiescence
Lysosomes are a critical component of the inner membrane system and are involved in various cellular biological processes, including macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration, and apoptosis. Lysosomes are a critical regulator of cellular metabolism, cancer, metastasis, and resistance to anticancer therapy. Additionally, lysosomal activities play a crucial role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development and progression, as well as maintaining the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) pool. It has been shown that AML cells undergo metabolic alterations due to chemotherapy or targeted treatment.
  • 610
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Cytoplasmic Functions of cIAP1
Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) is a cell signaling regulator of the IAP family. Through its E3-ubiquitine ligase activity, it has the ability to activate intracellular signaling pathways, modify signal transduction pathways by changing protein-protein interaction networks, and stop signal transduction by promoting the degradation of critical components of signaling pathways. Thus, cIAP1 appears to be a potent determinant of the response of cells, enabling their rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions or intra- or extracellular stresses. It is expressed in almost all tissues, found in the cytoplasm, membrane and/or nucleus of cells. cIAP1 regulates innate immunity by controlling signaling pathways mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRs), some cytokine receptors and pattern recognition-receptors (PRRs). Although less documented, cIAP1 has also been involved in the regulation of cell migration and in the control of transcriptional programs. 
  • 609
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Autophagy in Parenchymal and Non-Parenchymal Liver Cells
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular process for the ordered degradation and recycling of cellular components in lysosomes. In the liver this process is relevant for maintaining liver homeostasis, especially in conditions of hepatic insults.
  • 609
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Dictyostelium as a Drug Resource
The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is an excellent model organism for the study of cell and developmental biology because of its simple life cycle and ease of use. Recent findings suggest that Dictyostelium and possibly other genera of cellular slime molds, are potential sources of novel lead compounds for pharmacological and medical research.
  • 609
  • 02 Oct 2021
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