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Topic Review
Therapeutic Stem Cell Banks
Stem cells are currently being used in many clinical trials for regenerative purposes. These are promising results for stem cells in the treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Nevertheless, there are still many variables which should be addressed before the application of stem cells for cancer treatment. One approach should be to establish well-characterized therapeutic stem cell banks to minimize the variation in results from different clinical trials and facilitate their effective use in basic and translational research. 
  • 525
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Deubiquitinases in Regulated Cell Death
The mechanisms and physiological implications of regulated cell death (RCD) have been extensively studied. Among the regulatory mechanisms of RCD, ubiquitination and deubiquitination enable post-translational regulation of signaling by modulating substrate degradation and signal transduction. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are involved in diverse molecular pathways of RCD. Some DUBs modulate multiple modalities of RCD by regulating various substrates and are powerful regulators of cell fate.
  • 525
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
Autophagy in Polyglutamine
Polyglutamine diseases are a group of congenital neurodegenerative diseases categorized with genomic abnormalities in the expansion of CAG triplet repeats in coding regions of specific disease-related genes. Autophagy is defined as the degradation of intracellular components within the lysosome; self-eating.
  • 524
  • 28 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Transport through the Blood–Brain Barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a complex structure present in mammalian organisms and is responsible for maintaining the parameters of the internal environment of the central nervous system (CNS).
  • 524
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Pericytes
Pericytes are increasingly recognized as being important in the control of blood–brain barrier permeability and vascular flow. Research on this important cell type has been hindered by widespread confusion regarding the phenotypic identity and nomenclature of pericytes and other perivascular cell types. In addition, pericyte heterogeneity and mouse–human species differences have contributed to confusion.
  • 523
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Autophagy in Kidney Disease
Autophagy is a dynamic process by which intracellular damaged macromolecules and organelles are degraded and recycled for the synthesis of new cellular components. Basal autophagy in the kidney acts as a quality control system and is vital for cellular metabolic and organelle homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, autophagy facilitates cellular adaptation; however, activation of autophagy in response to renal injury may be insufficient to provide protection, especially under dysregulated conditions. Kidney-specific deletion of Atg genes in mice has consistently demonstrated worsened acute kidney injury (AKI) outcomes supporting the notion of a pro-survival role of autophagy.
  • 523
  • 07 Jun 2021
Topic Review
TRPC Channels in Cardiac Plasticity
The heart flexibly changes its structure in response to changing environments and oxygen/nutrition demands of the body. Increased and decreased mechanical loading induces hypertrophy and atrophy of cardiomyocytes, respectively. In physiological conditions, these structural changes of the heart are reversible. However, chronic stresses such as hypertension or cancer cachexia cause irreversible remodeling of the heart, leading to heart failure. Accumulating evidence indicates that calcium dyshomeostasis and aberrant reactive oxygen species production cause pathological heart remodeling. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) is a nonselective cation channel subfamily whose multimodal activation or modulation of channel activity play important roles in a plethora of cellular physiology.
  • 523
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
NADPH Oxidases
NADPH oxidases (NOXs), mostly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs), are the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. A lot of literature has addressed ROS signaling in plant development regulation and stress responses as well as on the enzyme’s structure, evolution, function, regulation and associated mechanisms, manifesting the role of NOXs/RBOHs as the vital performers and center hubs during plant growth and signaling.
  • 522
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
Aberrant Stress Granule Dynamics
Stress granules are membrane-less organelles formed through the process of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) under certain stress conditions, such as oxidative stress and heat shock, among others.
  • 521
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
HO-1 in Cancer Cell Survival
Heme oxygenases (HOs) act on heme degradation to produce carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, ferritin, and biliverdin. Upregulation of cellular HO-1 levels is signature of oxidative stress for its downstream effects particularly under pro-oxidative status. Subcellular traffics of HO-1 to different organelles constitute a network of interactions compromising a variety of effectors such as pro-oxidants, ROS, mitochondrial enzymes, and nucleic transcription factors. Some of the compartmentalized HO-1 have been demonstrated as functioning in the progression of cancer. Emerging data show the multiple roles of HO-1 in tumorigenesis from pathogenesis to the progression to malignancy, metastasis, and even resistance to therapy. However, the role of HO-1 in tumorigenesis has not been systematically addressed.
  • 521
  • 28 Sep 2021
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