Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Vitamin D and Resveratrol Performances in COVID-19
A variety of observational epidemiological studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is often a crucial factor in many inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases, as well as the susceptibility to contract infectious diseases, including acute respiratory infections. Similarly, resveratrol regulates immunity, modifying the gene expression and the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the immune cells. Therefore, it plays an immunomodulatory role that can be beneficial in the prevention and development of non-communicable diseases associated with inflammation. Since both vitamin D and resveratrol also act as immunomodulators in inflammatory pathologies, many studies have paid particular attention to an integrated treatment of either vitamin D or resveratrol in the immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • 184
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Gliomas
Glioma progression refers to the development and growth of glioma tumors in the brain. Glioma progression is a complex and multifactorial process involving various genetic, molecular, and cellular changes. The prognosis and survival rates for gliomas differ between adults and pediatrics. Overall, pediatric gliomas tend to have better prognoses compared to gliomas in adults. This is partly due to the prevalence of low-grade tumors in children, which generally have better outcomes than high-grade tumors such as glioblastoma. However, certain pediatric gliomas, such as DIPG, have particularly poor prognoses. The mechanism of glioma progression involves a complex interplay of genetic, molecular, cellular, and microenvironmental factors. Generally, glioma progression is driven by the accumulation of genetic mutations.
  • 293
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Diagnosis and Treatment of Endometrial Cancer
The incidence and death rates of endometrial cancer are rising globally. International guidelines recommend radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as the standard of care for this cancer; however, fertility-sparing alternatives should be tailored to motivated women of reproductive age, establishing an appropriate cost–benefit balance between childbearing desire and cancer risk. New molecular classifications such as that of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provide a robust supplementary risk assessment tool that can tailor the treatment options to the patient’s needs, curtail over- and under-treatment, and contribute to the spread of fertility-preserving strategies.
  • 204
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Vascular Inflammatory Diseases and Endothelial Phenotypes
The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular system. Several cardiovascular diseases are characterized by endothelial cell activation or dysfunction triggered by external stimuli such as disturbed flow, hypoxia, growth factors, and cytokines in response to high levels of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, aging, drugs, and smoking. Increasing evidence suggests that uncontrolled proinflammatory signaling and further alteration in endothelial cell phenotypes such as barrier disruption, increased permeability, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and metabolic reprogramming further induce vascular diseases, and multiple studies are focusing on finding the pathways and mechanisms involved in it.
  • 315
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Redox Network in Mammalian Cells and Selenium Compouds
Redox balance is important for the homeostasis of normal cells, but also for the proliferation, progression, and survival of cancer cells. Both oxidative and reductive stress can be harmful to cells. In contrast to oxidative stress, reductive stress and the therapeutic opportunities underlying the mechanisms of reductive stress in cancer, as well as how cancer cells respond to reductive stress, have received little attention and are not as well characterized. Therefore, there is recent interest in understanding how selective induction of reductive stress may influence therapeutic treatment and disease progression in cancer. There is also the question of how cancer cells respond to reductive stress. Selenium compounds have been shown to have chemotherapeutic effects against cancer and their anticancer mechanism is thought to be related to the formation of their metabolites, including hydrogen selenide (H2Se), which is a highly reactive and reducing molecule and possible can generate the reductive stress in cells. The research report on the molecular mechanism of how cells recognize and respond to oxidative and reductive stress and selenium compounds with well documented hydrogen selenide release, as compounds possibly useful in study of redox homeostasis by the selective induction of reductive stress in cells and in vivo, as well as possibly their utility in anti-cancer therapy.
  • 244
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals the Skeletal Cellular Dynamics
The bone is an important organ that performs various functions, and the bone marrow inside the skeleton is composed of a complex intermix of hematopoietic, vascular, and skeletal cells. Current single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has revealed heterogeneity and sketchy differential hierarchy of skeletal cells. 
  • 242
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the infection of the novel highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2), viral infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and, in severe cases, can even be lethal. Behind the inflammatory process lies the so-called cytokine storm (CS), which activates various inflammatory cytokines that damage numerous organ tissues.
  • 273
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs as Emerging Targets
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are non-protein coding molecules longer than 200 nucleotides. They play essential roles in normal cell function and development, and can contribute to diseases such as cancer when dysregulated. Although lncRNAs have oncogenic or tumor-suppressive properties in lung cancer and can serve as stable biomarkers, this is still an understudied field. 
  • 283
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Crucial Roles of Ez-Metastasizing in Ezrin in Metastasis
Ezrin is the cytoskeletal organizer and functions in the modulation of membrane–cytoskeleton interaction, maintenance of cell shape and structure, and regulation of cell–cell adhesion and movement, as well as cell survival. Ezrin plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis through interaction with other binding proteins. Notably, Ezrin has been reported to interact with immune cells, allowing tumor cells to escape immune attack in metastasis. 
  • 417
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Milk Exosomes as Drug Delivery Agents
Milk is a unique natural source of exosomes available in semi-preparative and preparative quantities. Milk exosomes are highly resistant to the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro studies have demonstrated that milk exosomes have an affinity to epithelial cells, are digested by cells by endocytosis mechanism, and can be used for oral delivery. With milk exosome membranes containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, exosomes can be loaded with hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
  • 469
  • 21 Jun 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 161
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback