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Topic Review
Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Sustainable Chemical Sensors
The rapid development of sensing technology has created an urgent need for chemical sensor systems that can be rationally integrated into efficient, sustainable, and wearable electronic systems. In this case, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is expected to be a major impetus to such innovation because it can not only power the sensor by scavenging mechanical energies and transforming them into electricity but also act as the chemical sensor itself due to its intrinsic sensitivity towards the chemical reaction that occurs at the triboelectric interface.
  • 451
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Trends in Cu-Catalyzed Ar-Xs Transformations with Amines
Aromatic compounds (Ar-Xs) are technologically important inert low-cost solvents (chlorobenzene or o-dichlorobenzene) and intermediates for the manufacture of flame-retardant polymers used in electronics and furniture. Furthermore, Ar-Xs are the chemicals necessary for the production of industrially important dyes, pigments, and a broad group of biologically active species such as pesticides and drugs. Utilization of Ar-Xs as arylating agents based on Cu-catalyzed substitution of bound halogen (X) applying different nucleophiles serves as the technique for production of a broad scale of useful chemicals.
  • 675
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Treatments for Minimizing Sewage Sludge
Similar to other types of waste, sewage sludge (SS) must be minimized, not only to respect the European Directive 2018/851 on waste, but also because the cost of sludge management is approximately 50% of the total running costs of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Usually, minimization technologies can involve sewage sludge production with three different strategies: (i) adopting a process in the water line that reduces the production of sludge; (ii) reducing the water content (dewatering processes) or (iii) reducing the fraction of volatile solids (stabilization).
  • 814
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Treatment Methods for Dye-Contaminated Effluents
Advancements in textile dyeing technologies have introduced novel categories of dyes that have deleterious effects on ecosystems. Primarily, azo dyes represent the majority of synthetic dyes employed in textiles and in the realms of culinary and miscellaneous applications. Traditionally, these dyes infiltrate the environment via discharged contaminated effluents such as wastewater from industrial facilities. The contaminated discharged effluent exerts a pervasive impact on ecosystems, engendering pernicious afflictions in both human and faunal populations. Several treatment methodologies are employed for the eradication of contaminants from natural water resources and wastewater, encompassing all phases within water and wastewater treatment infrastructures. The evolution of each treatment stage is intricately linked to the escalating demand for potable water of impeccable quality. Water treatment methods such as Coagulation and Flocculation, Photocatalytic Degradation, Ion Exchange, Electrochemical Technique, Membrane Filtration, Electrodialysis Process, Biodegradation Techniques, and Adsorption are covered in detail, alongside the impacts of bio-based activated carbon as an adsorbent for azo dye. 
  • 354
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Carboxylation
Carbon dioxide is ideal for carboxylation reactions as a renewable and sustainable C1 feedstock and has significant recognition owing to its low cost, non-toxicity, and high abundance. To depreciate the environmental concentration of CO2, which causes the greenhouse gas effect, developing new catalytic protocols for organic synthesis in CO2 utilization is of great importance. 
  • 148
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Transition Metal Phosphide Based Seawater Electrolysis
Large-scale hydrogen (H2) production is an essential gear in the future bioeconomy. Hydrogen production through electrocatalytic seawater splitting is a crucial technique and has gained considerable attention. The direct seawater electrolysis technique has been designed to use seawater in place of highly purified water, which is essential for electrolysis, since seawater is widely available.
  • 177
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Transition Metal Oxide Electrode Materials
The rising use of nonrenewable fossil fuels in recent decades has put human existence in grave danger. As a result, it is imperative to design environmentally friendly and cost-effective energy storage devices. Supercapacitors are a promising energy device because of their high power density, outstanding cycle stability, and quick charge/discharge process. However, supercapacitors' energy density is still lower than that of conventional batteries'. Supercapacitors' electrochemical performance is heavily influenced by the electrode materials, as is well-known to everyone.
  • 764
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Three Species of Lycium Genus
The genus Lycium belongs to the Solanaceae family and comprises more than 90 species distributed on diverse continents. Lycium barbarum is by far the most studied and considered to possess healthy properties. The biological properties of L. barbarum fruits are mainly attributed to polysaccharides, particularly complex glycoproteins with different compositions. In contrast, L. europaeum, L. intricatum, and L. schweinfurthii found particularly in the Mediterranean region, are poorly studied, although used by native populations. The evaluation of the chemical composition and biological, nutritional, or pharmacological properties of these species must be unveiled. Such studies will not only enrich knowledge but may also lead to the use of some of these species in food to replace L. barbarum or other plant species. Since L. europaeum, L. intricatum, L. infaustum and L. schweinfurthii generally occur in impoverished areas, the culture and transformation of these species products could contribute to the sustained enrichment of the populations living in those zones.
  • 471
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Thiol-and Disulfide-Based Stimulus-Responsive Soft Materials
Thiols (RSH) and disulfides (RSSR) are components of many proteins, biopolymers, and biomolecules.  Many can be interconverted by simple oxidation and reduction reactions that change drastically their properties and those of host molecules of which they are a part.
  • 971
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Thin-Layer Chromatography in the Screening of Botanicals
Thin-layer chromatography both in its standard (TLC) and high-performance (HPTLC) format is known as a versatile and high-throughput liquid chromatography technique, with a wide range of important applications. These applications can roughly be divided into those in direct service of life sciences (such as botany, phytochemistry and medicine, and handling rather fundamental issues such as contributing to chemotaxonomy of plants, or searching for enzyme inhibitor templates) and the more practical goals.
  • 929
  • 19 Oct 2022
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