Encyclopedia
Scholarly Community
Encyclopedia
Entry
Journal
Book
Video
Image
News
About
Entry
Entry
Video
Image
Log in/Sign up
Submit
Entry
Video
Image
Subject:
All Disciplines
Arts & Humanities
Biology & Life Sciences
Business & Economics
Chemistry & Materials Science
Computer Science & Mathematics
Engineering
Environmental & Earth Sciences
Medicine & Pharmacology
Physical Sciences
Public Health & Healthcare
Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest
Latest
Alphabetical (A-Z)
Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All
Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Synthetic Hemorphin Analogs Containing Non-Natural Amino Acids
The endogenous hemorphins are bioactive peptides with activity on opioid receptors. Several research teams have synthesized, characterized, and pharmacologically evaluated synthetic hemorphin analogs containing unusual amino acids, D-amino acids, α-aminophosphonic acids, and their derivatives. Research focuses on the structure-activity relationship analysis, details on specific methods for their characterization, and the advantage of synthetic hemorphin analogs compared to endogenous peptides as potent biologically active compounds with a complex mechanism of action.
601
05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis and Properties of Deep Eutectic Solvents
The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) is on the rise worldwide because of the astounding properties they offer, such as simplicity of synthesis and utilization, low-cost, and environmental friendliness, which can, without a doubt, replace conventional solvents used in heaps.
541
04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Swabs
Swabs are used to collect body fluid samples for testing in the forensic and clinical settings. However, swabs made of different materials and are differently shaped may impact the DNA that can be recovered from the body fluids absorbed by the swabs. Recovering a higher quantity of DNA can be important for DNA typing and obtaining a full profile, especially in low template samples. In this study, swabs made of cotton, paper and foam materials from various commercial suppliers were evaluated to determine which swab released the highest quantity of DNA from a fifty-microliter sample of blood applied to the swab. DNA extraction was performed using the phenol chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method and human DNA was quantified using a quantitative real-time PCR assay using the Plexor HY human quantification kit. Overall, Puritan cotton-tipped swabs performed best in this study.
1.7K
08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Nanostructure in High-Temperature Processes
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive analytical technique based on Raman scatter and utilizes the nanostructures of active metals, such as gold and silver, with roughened surfaces as a signal amplifier. With its enhancement effect and “fingerprint” ability, in situ SERS is able to capture the dynamics of microstructure evolution and trace surface species in real time, which provides direct information for the analysis of a reaction mechanism in various surface processes, including heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemical reactions, etc. SERS has been widely used in operando analysis of surface processes under ordinary temperatures. For application in high-temperature processes, the harsh environment puts forward additional requirements in addition to high sensitivity for the SERS nanostructures, especially concerning thermal stability, chemical inertness, and surface universality.
333
20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Surface Modification in Surface Plasmon Resonance Assays
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) comprises several surface-sensitive techniques that enable the trace and ultra-trace detection of various analytes through affinity pairing.
357
27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Substrate
In chemistry, a substrate is typically the chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, which reacts with a reagent to generate a product. It can also refer to a surface on which other chemical reactions are performed, or play a supporting role in a variety of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. In synthetic and organic chemistry, the substrate is the chemical of interest that is being modified. In biochemistry, an enzyme substrate is the material upon which an enzyme acts. When referring to Le Chatelier's principle, the substrate is the reagent whose concentration is changed. The term substrate is highly context-dependent.
1.6K
06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Stripping Voltammetry Methods for Rare Earth Elements
Rare earth metals are used in the most dynamically developing areas of the high technology industry, such as aviation, space flights, production of mobile phones (smartphones), catalysts, high-energy magnetic materials, LCD screens, LED diodes, hybrid car engines, and new generation Ni-MH batteries. These metals are widely used in metallurgy as alloying additives to improve the properties of doped metals, permanent magnets or polishing pastes. The biological activity of lanthanum compounds has also been proven and, hence, they are used in medicine. They have also found a unique application in the production of optical filters, phosphors, dyes, fertilizers, and insulation fibers. Rare earth elements (REEs) have become indispensable in the world of technology, owing to their unusual magnetic, phosphorescent, and catalytic properties. The growing demand for these elements has resulted in these metals being included in the group of 20 critical mineral raw materials for the EU economy. The main environmental risk posed by rare earth elements is tailings, which are a mixture of small-sized particles, waste water, and floatation chemicals used in the processing stages. Most rare earth elements also consist of radioactive materials which impose the risk of radioactive dust and water emissions.
135
05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Stability of Cu-Based Catalysts for Methanol Reforming
The stability of copper-based catalysts is an important property that affects the catalytic efficiency, which determines the service life of the catalytic base in the methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction, and plays an important role in the sustainable production of hydrogen.
698
21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Spray Drying for Oils Encapsulation
This is a entry focused on the application of spray drying technology for the edible oils encapsulation. This entry covered most of the relevant works have done recently on the encapsulation of oils by spray drying. The factors affecting the process of encapsulation and the application in food with the properties of the final product.The application of the spray drying technique in the food industry for the production of a broad range of ingredients has become highly desirable compared to other drying techniques. Recently, the spray drying technique has been applied extensively for the production of functional foods, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Encapsulation using spray drying is highly preferred due to economic advantages compared to other encapsulation methods. Encapsulation of oils using the spray drying technique is carried out in order to enhance the handling properties of the products and to improve oxidation stability by protecting the bioactive compounds. Encapsulation of oils involves several parameters—including inlet and outlet temperatures, total solids, and the type of wall materials—that significantly affect the quality of final product.
2.6K
19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Sphingolipid Pathway in IDH1mut Glioma
The presence of the IDH mutation in glioma raises the possibility that these CNS malignancies could be targeted with metabolic-based therapeutics. Exploration of the role that regulatory lipids, such as sphingolipids serve within the IDH1mut gliomas is limited. Our study incorporates LC/MS lipidomic discovery with an aim to identify vulnerabilities within the sphingolipid metabolism that could be exploited therapeutically. We reveal elevation in certain lipids produced along the sphingolipid degradation pathway for IDH1 mutated glioma cells. Our review of TCGA data from clinical patients reveal a parallel trend for enzymes associated with sphingolipid degradation that correlates to increased survivability in glioma patients. We demonstrate the biostatic effects of treatments which target this pathway via inhibiting sphingosine kinase and exacerbating the imbalance between sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate.
619
23 Oct 2020
Page
of
30
Featured Entry Collections
>>
Featured Books
>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Chief Editor:
Michael McAleer
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Chief Editor:
Stephen Bustin
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Chief Editor:
Luis V. Lopez-Llorca
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Chief Editor:
Sandro Serpa
Entry
Journal
Book
Video
Image
News
About
Log in/Sign up
New Entry
New Video
New Images
About
Terms and Conditions
Privacy Policy
Advisory Board
Contact
Partner
Feedback
Top
Feedback
×
Help Center
Browse our user manual, common Q&A, author guidelines, etc.
Rate your experience
Let us know your experience and what we could improve.
Report an error
Is something wrong? Please let us know!
Other feedback
Other feedback you would like to report.
×
Did you find what you were looking for?
Love
Like
Neutral
Dislike
Hate
0
/500
Email
Do you agree to share your valuable feedback publicly on
Encyclopedia
’s homepage?
Yes, I agree. Encyclopedia can post it.
No, I do not agree. I would not like to post my testimonial.
Webpage
Upload a screenshot
(Max file size 2MB)
Submit
Back
Close
×