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Topic Review
Biofouling of Blood-Contacting Polymeric Membranes.
An extracorporeal blood purification method called continuous renal replacement therapy uses a porous hollow-fiber polymeric membrane that is exposed to prolonged contact with blood. In that condition, like with any other submerged filtration membrane, the hemofilter loses its properties over time and use resulting in a rapid decline in flux. The most significant reason for this loss is biofilm formation, when proteins, blood cells and bacterial cells attach to the membrane surface in complex processes. One method allowing for longer patency of vascular access and a longer lifespan of the membrane is the use of anticoagulation. Other preventive measures include the modification of the membrane itself.
  • 21
  • 29 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Cloud-Point Extraction
The production of food biomass waste has been increasing rapidly. This necessitates urgent measures to be taken so as to utilize them. Since most food biomass waste contains useful bioactive substances, cloud-point extraction (CPE) has emerged as a promising solution to valorize waste. CPE is an extraction method employed for the extraction and preconcentration of various chemical compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids.
  • 174
  • 29 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Activity of Natural Alkaloids against Herbivores, Cancerous-Cells
Many alkaloids from plants have been found to possess useful biological activities including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties. Alkaloids from various classes such as isoquinoline, indole, quinoline and piperidine alkaloids have shown these beneficial effects. Some specific alkaloids that have demonstrated anticancer activities are berberine, evodiamine, matrine, piperine, sanguinarine and tetrandrine. They exert their effects through mechanisms like inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis. Alkaloids like clausenine, sanguinarine and berberine have exhibited antibacterial activity against pathogens like MRSA and E. faecalis. Compounds like leurocristine, castanospermine and homonojirimycin have antiviral effects against viruses such as HIV, poliovirus and influenza virus. Many alkaloids including cocsoline, dicentrine and canthin-6-one have shown antifungal activities against fungi like Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. However, some alkaloids can also be toxic at high doses and cause adverse effects in humans. Overall, alkaloids from plants remain an important source of lead compounds for developing new drugs with anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities.
  • 35
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Chemistry of Hypecoum Alkaloids
Genus Hypecoum Tourn. ex L. belongs to the poppy family Papaveraceae and comprises about 19 species occurring in Europe, Northern Africa and Asia. Hypecoum species have been widely used in traditional medicine as antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedies. The effects are associated with the biologically and pharmacologically active isoquinoline alkaloids in them such as protopines, protoberberines, benzophenanthridines, aporphines, simple isoquinolines, secoberbines, spirobenzylisoquinolines and others. 
  • 36
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials can be employed to modify the biosensor’s surface to increase the surface area available for biorecognition events, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection limits of the biosensor. Various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and graphene oxide nanoparticles, have been investigated for impedimetric biosensors.
  • 31
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Rheology of Gels and Yielding Liquids
Gels are understood as soft viscoelastic multicomponent solids that are in the incomplete phase separation state, which, under the action of external mechanical forces, do not transit into a fluid state but rupture like any solid material. Gels can “melt” (again, like any solids) due to a change in temperature or variation in the environment. In contrast to this type of rheology, yielding liquids (sometimes not rigorously referred to as “gels”, especially in relation to colloids) can exist in a solid-like (gel-like) state and become fluid above some defined stress and time conditions (yield stress). At low stresses, their behavior is quite similar to that of permanent solid gels, including the frequency-independent storage modulus. The gel-to-sol transition considered in colloid chemistry is treated as a case of yielding. However, in many cases, the yield stress cannot be assumed to be a physical parameter since the solid-to-liquid transition happens in time and is associated with thixotropic effects. 
  • 18
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Structure of Piezoelectric Accelerometers
Compared with other types of sensors, piezoelectric accelerometers have the advantages of a large range, a wide-frequency band, a simple structure, stable performance, good output linearity, etc. The principle of a piezoelectric accelerometer is based on the property of the active element, and its structure is mainly composed of a mass block, a piezoelectric sensitive element, and a base.
  • 64
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Bio-inspired Nanomaterials in Micro/Nanodevices
Exploring bio-inspired nanomaterials (BINMs) and incorporating them into micro/nanodevices represent a significant development in biomedical applications. Nanomaterials, engineered to imitate biological structures and processes, exhibit distinctive attributes such as exceptional biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and unparalleled versatility. The utilization of BINMs demonstrates significant potential in diverse domains of biomedical micro/nanodevices, encompassing biosensors, targeted drug delivery systems, and advanced tissue engineering constructs. 
  • 16
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Plasticizers on Alginate-Based Films
There has been a growing attempt to manipulate various properties of biodegradable materials to use them as alternatives to their synthetic plastic counterparts. Alginate is a polysaccharide extracted from seaweed or soil bacteria that is considered one of the most promising materials for numerous applications. 
  • 15
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticle Deposition Techniques for Diverse Substrates
Nanoparticle deposition on various substrates has gained significant attention due to the potential applications of nanoparticles in various fields. The deposition techniques covered include electron gun evaporation, physical vapor deposition, plasma enriched chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), electrochemical deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrophoretic deposition, laser metal deposition, and atomic layer deposition (ALD), thermophoretic deposition, supercritical deposition, spin coating, and dip coating.
  • 10
  • 28 Sep 2023
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