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Topic Review
Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Protein Delivery
Proteins and peptides are potential therapeutic agents, but their physiochemical properties make their use as drug substances challenging. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymeric networks that can swell and retain high amounts of water or biological fluids without being dissolved. Due to their biocompatibility, their porous structure, which enables the transport of various peptides and proteins, and their protective effect against degradation, hydrogels have gained prominence as ideal carriers for these molecules’ delivery. Particularly, stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit physicochemical transitions in response to subtle modifications in the surrounding environment, leading to the controlled release of entrapped proteins or peptides. 
  • 152
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Stevia Genus
Phytochemistry and biological activities update of Stevia genus.
  • 969
  • 21 May 2021
Topic Review
Steroid Oximes
Steroids and their derivatives have been the subject of extensive research among investigators due to their wide range of pharmacological properties, in which steroidal oximes are included. Oximes are a chemical group with the general formula R1R2C=N−OH and they exist as colorless crystals and are poorly soluble in water. Oximes can be easily obtained through the condensation of aldehydes or ketones with various amine derivatives, making them a very interesting chemical group in medicinal chemistry for the design of drugs as potential treatments for several diseases. A large number of steroid oximes exhibit important biological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral, among others, through different mechanisms of action. Several steroid oximes are used clinically as drugs and many others are in clinical trials.
  • 672
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Sterilize Polylactic Acid
Sterilization is an important and problematic step that should be considered as early as possible in the design of any new medical device intended to be use in contact with sterile tissues, mucous membranes, or breached skin, in order to save money, time and trouble.
  • 616
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Sterilization in Endodontic Instruments
Sterilization processes guarantee the sterility of dental instruments but can negatively affect instrument features by altering their physical and mechanical properties. The endodontic instrumentation can undergo a series of alterations, ranging from corrosion to variation in the cutting angle and then changes in the torsional properties and torsional fatigue resistance.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sterically Hindered Quaternary Phosphonium Salts (QPSs)
Structure–activity relationships are important for the design of biocides and sanitizers. The most commonly used biocides are nitrogen-containing compounds; the phosphorus-containing ones have been studied to a lesser extent. In the present study, a broad range of sterically hindered quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs) based on tri-tert-butylphosphine was tested for their activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. gypseum). Additionally, the hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of QPSs were determined using blood and a normal liver cell line, respectively.
  • 346
  • 23 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Molecules
Metal/lipase-combo catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of racemic chiral alcohols is a general and practical process to obtain the corresponding enantiopure esters R with quantitative conversion. The use of known Ru-catalysts as well as newly developed homogeneous and heterogeneous metal catalysts (Fe, V) contributed to make the DKR process more sustainable and to expand the substrate scope of the reaction. In addition to classical substrates, challenging allylic alcohols, tertiary alcohols, C1-and C2-symmetric biaryl diols turned out to be competent substrates. Synthetic utility further emerged from the integration of this methodology into cascade reactions leading to linear/cyclic chiral molecules with high ee through the formation of multiple bonds, in a one-pot procedure. 
  • 670
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Stereoselective Promiscuous Reactions Catalyzed by Lipases
The ability of lipases to display activity beyond their physiological reactions, so-called “catalytic promiscuity”, has gained increasing interest in the last two decades as an important tool for expanding the application of these enzymes in organic synthesis. Some lipases have been shown to be effective in catalyzing a variety of C-C bond formation reactions and most of the investigations have been directed to the optimization of the products yield through a careful tuning of the experimental parameters. Despite the fact that new stereogenic carbons are formed in many of the tested reactions, the target products have been often obtained in racemic form and examples of an efficient asymmetric induction by the used lipases are quite limited.
  • 588
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Stereoselective Catalytic Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds in NADESs
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a mixture of two or more components, and at a particular composition, they become liquids at room temperature. When the compounds that constitute the DESs are primary metabolites namely, amino acids, organic acids, sugars, or choline derivatives, the DESs are called natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs).
  • 134
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Steel for Nuclear Pressure Vessels
The nuclear reactor pressure vessel is an important component of a nuclear power plant. It has been used in harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, neutron irradiation, thermal aging, corrosion and fatigue for a long time, which puts forward higher standards for the performance requirements for nuclear pressure vessel steel.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Dec 2022
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