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Topic Review
Food Bioactive Molecules as Antiaging Agents
Natural antiaging ingredients include barrier repair, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, skin lightening, and sunblock agent. A nutricosmetic optimizes the intake of nutritional microelements to meet the needs of the skin and skin appendages, improving their conditions and delaying aging, thus helping to protect the skin from the aging action of environmental factors.
  • 159
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Food Bio-Based Packaging
Recently, academic research and industries have gained awareness about the economic, environmental, and social impacts of conventional plastic packaging and its disposal. This consciousness has oriented efforts towards more sustainable materials such as biopolymers, paving the way for the “green era” of food packaging.
  • 874
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Folic Acid Antimetabolites
Antimetabolites of folic acid represent a large group of drugs and drug candidates, including those for cancer chemotherapy. Antimetabolites, which are antagonists of natural metabolites, belong to a group of highly efficient anticancer drugs. Based on the chemical structure, these groups can be divided into several sub-groups, such as non-natural amino-acids or peptides, including phospha-analogues, analogues of purine and pyrimidine bases, such as competitors in the synthesis of the nucleic acids, as well as vitamin actions including folic acid, hormones, coenzymes, and other substrates responsible for the normal functioning of cells and tissues of the human body.
  • 721
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Focused-Ion-Beam for chiral photonics
Focused ion beam (FIB) processing which enabled scientific and technological advances in the realization and study of micro- and nano-systems in many research areas, such as nanotechnology, material science, and the microelectronic industry. Recently, its applications have been extended to the photonics field, owing to the possibility of developing systems with complex shapes, including 3D chiral shapes. Micro-/nano-structured elements with precise geometrical features at the nanoscale can be realized by FIB processing, with sizes that can be tailored in order to tune optical responses over a broad spectral region. In this entry, we give an overview of the recent efforts in this field which have involved FIB processing as a nanofabrication tool for photonics applications. In particular, we focus on FIB-induced deposition and FIB milling, employed to build 3D nanostructures and metasurfaces exhibiting intrinsic chirality. 
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Focused-Electron-Beam Engineering
Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is the ultimate additive nanofabrication technique for the growth of 3D nanostructures. In the field of nanomagnetism and its technological applications, FEBID could be a viable solution to produce future high-density, low-power, fast nanoelectronic devices based on the domain wall conduit in 3D nanomagnets. While FEBID has demonstrated the flexibility to produce 3D nanostructures with almost any shape and geometry, the basic physical properties of these out-of-plane deposits are often seriously degraded from their bulk counterparts due to the presence of contaminants. 3D Co nanowires have been used to test the possibilities of FEBID for engineering the dimensions, composition and magnetism of these nanostructures.
  • 637
  • 04 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Fly Ash
Fly ash or coal fly ash causes major global pollution in the form of solid waste and is classified as a “hazardous waste”, which is a by-product of thermal power plants produced during electricity production. Si, Al, Fe Ca, and Mg alone form more than 85% of the chemical compounds and glasses of most fly ashes. Fly ash has a chemical composition of 70–90%, as well as glasses of ferrous, alumina, silica, and CaO. Therefore, fly ash could act as a reliable and alternative source for ferrous, alumina, and silica. The ferrous fractions can be recovered by a simple magnetic separation method, while alumina and silica can be extracted by chemical or biological approaches. Alumina extraction is possible using both alkali- and acid-based methods, while silica is extracted by strong alkali, such as NaOH. Chemical extraction has a higher yield than the biological approaches, but the bio-based approaches are more environmentally friendly. Fly ash can also be used for the synthesis of zeolites by NaOH treatment of variable types, as fly ash is rich in alumino-silicates. The present review work deals with the recent advances in the field of the recovery and synthesis of ferrous, alumina, and silica micro and nanoparticles from fly ash.
  • 4.7K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Fluoropolymer Membranes for Membrane Distillation and Membrane Crystallization
Fluoropolymer membranes are applied in membrane operations such as membrane distillation and membrane crystallization where hydrophobic porous membranes act as a physical barrier separating two phases. Due to their hydrophobic nature, only gaseous molecules are allowed to pass through the membrane and are collected on the permeate side, while the aqueous solution cannot penetrate. However, these two processes suffer problems such as membrane wetting, fouling or scaling. Membrane wetting is a common and undesired phenomenon, which is caused by the loss of hydrophobicity of the porous membrane employed. This greatly affects the mass transfer efficiency and separation efficiency. Simultaneously, membrane fouling occurs, along with membrane wetting and scaling, which greatly reduces the lifespan of the membranes. Therefore, strategies to improve the hydrophobicity of membranes have been widely investigated by researchers. In this direction, hydrophobic fluoropolymer membrane materials are employed more and more for membrane distillation and membrane crystallization thanks to their high chemical and thermal resistance. 
  • 442
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Fluorogenic Aptasensors with Small Molecules
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can be identified through an iterative in vitro selection–amplification process. Among them, fluorogenic aptamers in response to small molecules have been of great interest in biosensing and bioimaging due to their rapid fluorescence turn-on signals with high target specificity and low background noise. 
  • 604
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Fluoro-Modified Surface
The original fluoro-modified polyurethane encapsulated process was designed to rapidly fabricate low flow-resistance surfaces on the zinc substrate. For the further enhancement of the drag-reduction effect, chemical etching was introduced during the fabrication process, and its surface morphology, wettability, and flow-resistance properties in a microchannel were also studied in this paper. It is indicated that the zinc substrate with micro-nano scale roughness obtained by Cu2+ assisted nitric acid etching was super hydrophilic. However, after the etched zinc substrate encapsulated with fluoro-polyurethane, the superhydrophobic wettability can be obtained. As this newly fabricated surface being applied into the microchannel, it was found that with the increase of Reynolds number, the drag reduction rate of the superhydrophobic surface remained basically unchanged at 4.0 % compared with the original zinc substrate. Furthermore, the prepared superhydrophobic surfaces exhibited outstanding reliability in most liquids, and such chemical-etching methodology were capable to be commercialized in the piping as well as the coating industry.
  • 904
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Fluorine-Containing Glycomimetics
Glycomimetics, which are synthetic molecules designed to mimic the structures and functions of natural carbohydrates, have been developed to overcome the limitations associated with natural carbohydrates. The fluorination of carbohydrates has emerged as a promising solution to dramatically enhance the metabolic stability, bioavailability, and protein-binding affinity of natural carbohydrates.
  • 375
  • 26 Sep 2023
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