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Topic Review
Fundamentals of Rhenium-188 Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry
The β− emitter, rhenium-188 (188Re), has long been recognized as an attractive candidate for targeted cancer radionuclide therapy (TRNT). This transition metal shares chemical similarities with its congener element technetium, whose nuclear isomer technetium-99m (99mTc) is the current workhorse of diagnostic nuclear medicine. This pair of elements forms a characteristic matched pair for chemical and medical research and applications.
  • 463
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Fundamentals of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been the subject of huge investigation since it is at the heart of various energy conversion and storage systems such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and so on. The mechanistic pathway is governed not only by the oxygen adsorption mode, but it also depends on the dissociation barrier of the catalyst surface. 
  • 4.1K
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Fundamentals of Organic Anode Materials
Redox-active organic anode materials are endowed with obvious advantages, such as low cost, structural diversity, environmental friendliness, outstanding flexibility in their molecular design, low weight, and higher theoretical capacity, which can meet the rising demand for the energy density of next-generation battery systems. In contrast to inorganic compounds, organic materials are mainly composed of such chemical elements that are widely distributed in nature (e.g., C, H, O, N, S). 
  • 766
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Fundamentals of CO2RR and Perovskite Oxides
An efficient carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which reduces CO2 to low-carbon fuels and high-value chemicals, is a promising approach for realizing the goal of carbon neutrality, for which effective but low-cost catalysts are critically important. Many inorganic perovskite-based materials with tunable chemical compositions have been applied in the electrochemical CO2RR, which exhibited advanced catalytic performance.
  • 256
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Fundamentals and Historical Development of LC-DACs
Laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC) experimentation has emerged as a leading technique for materials processing at extreme pressures and temperatures. Laser characterisation plays a vital role in any LH-DAC experimentation, so a brief resesarch of the most common Laser Characterisation Diamond Anvil Cell (LC-DAC) methods is provided here. This includes an introduction to spectroscopic pressure and temperature measurements, followed by the most wide-spread laser spectroscopy techniques.
  • 443
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Fundamentals and Applications of Triboelectric Nanogenerator
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising research topic for the conversion of mechanical to electrical energy and its application in different fields. Among the various applications, self-powered bio-medical sensing application has become popular. The selection of a wide variety of materials and the simple design of devices have made it attractive for the applications of real-time self-powered healthcare sensing systems. 
  • 779
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Fundamental Properties of Hempcrete
A bio-fiber composite made up of hemp hurd or shiv and mineral binder, hempcrete is a form of lime-based construction material. The binder that is made by combining water with these ingredients is expected to completely coat all of the hemp shiv particles after sufficient mixing. A chemical reaction between the lime binder and water hardens the binder, cementing the hurd pieces together. The term “bonded cellulose insulation” could be broadly used to describe this mixture. Hempcrete is what is left after the binder has dried and been allowed to build up strength with time. 
  • 833
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Fundamental Concepts of Hydrogels
Hydrogels are three-dimensional crosslinked porous networks and can be synthesized from natural polymers, synthetic polymers, polymerizable synthetic monomers, and combination of natural and synthetic polymers. Synthesis of hydrogels involves physical, chemical and hybrid bonding. The bonding is formed via different routes such as solution casting, solution mixing, bulk polymerization, free radical mechanism, radiation method, and interpenetrating network formation. The synthesized hydrogels have significant properties such as mechanical strength, flexibility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, swellability, and stimuli sensitivity. Furthermore, owing to the smart and aqueous medium, robust mechanical strength, adhesiveness, stretchability, strain sensitivity, and self-healability, hydrogels can be potentially used in biomedical, electrochemical, sensors, contact lens, and soft robotic applications.
  • 2.2K
  • 03 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Functions of CNMs in Photocatalytic H2 Generation
To improve photocatalysis, scientists are turning to carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), fullerene (C60), carbon dots (CDs), and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), etc. Carbon-based nanomaterials show exceptional physicochemical properties, including thermal and chemical stability, high surface area, and better electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. Green energy must replace fossil fuels, and hydrogen is a prime choice. Photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) under solar irradiation could address energy and environmental problems.
  • 479
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Functionally Graded Thermal Sprayed Coatings
       The manufactured industrial pieces have often the external surfaces being in contact with harsh environment. The turbine blades are submitted to hot gas, the implanted prostheses to body liquids, etc. The protection of these surfaces can be realized using films and coatings. The latters have an important function of rendering the life in service of industrial piece longer, belong however, generally, to another group of materials with very different properties than the piece itself. For example, ceramic coatings are applied frequently on metal and alloys and some intermediate layers should be added between substrate and top coating. This is the concept of "functionally graded coatings" reviewed for the technology of thermal spraying in present entry basing onto paper Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 5153; doi:10.3390/app10155153. The excerpt of this paper shows the chapters related to the applications of functionally graded coatings and their perspectives of development together with selected cited references.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Dec 2020
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