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Topic Review
Corrosion Monitoring in Atmospheric Conditions
A variety of techniques are available for monitoring metal corrosion in electrolytes. However, only some of them can be applied in the atmosphere, in which case a thin discontinuous electrolyte film forms on a surface. Traditional and state-of-the-art real-time corrosion monitoring techniques include atmospheric corrosion monitor (ACM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise (EN), electrical resistance (ER) probes, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), radio-frequency identification sensors (RFID), fibre optic corrosion sensors (FOCS) and respirometry.
  • 635
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Nanomedicine and Brain Tumors
A brain tumor, a tumor that develops within the skull, is an abnormal mass of tissue in which cells grow and multiply out of control. Although more than 150 types of brain tumors have been reported, they are macroscopically divided into primary and metastatic groups. Tumors that arise directly from the brain tissue or surrounding the brain are classified as primary brain tumors.
  • 566
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Contact Lens Materials - A Materials Science Perspective
Contact lens materials are typically based on polymer- or silicone-hydrogel, with additional manufacturing technologies employed to produce the final lens. These processes are simply not enough to meet the increasing demands from CLs and the ever-increasing number of contact lens (CL) users. New materials and engineering offer increasing functionality or improved properties over previous generations.
  • 3.8K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Phaseolus vulgaris L. prevent Cardiovascular Diseases
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is known as a “new world crop”; it originated 7000 years ago in two different parts of the North and South American continents. Common beans have been highlighted as an almost perfect food due to their high content of protein, fiber, prebiotics, vitamins, and chemically diverse micronutrient composition. They have been shown to protect against oxidative stress, CVD, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and many types of cancer. Many compounds have been identified in P. vulgaris, such as phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid), flavonoids (kaempferol, pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin), sugars, fatty acids, and tocopherols, among others.
  • 514
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Solution-Processed Organic Phototransistors and Their Recent Developments
Today, more disciplines are intercepting each other, giving rise to “cross-disciplinary” research. Technological advancements in material science and device structure and production have paved the way towards development of new classes of multi-purpose sensory devices. Organic phototransistors (OPTs) are photo-activated sensors based on organic field-effect transistors that convert incident light signals into electrical signals. The organic semiconductor (OSC) layer and three-electrode structure of an OPT offer great advantages for light detection compared to conventional photodetectors and photodiodes, due to their signal amplification and noise reduction characteristics. Solution processing of the active layer enables mass production of OPT devices at significantly reduced cost. The chemical structure of OSCs can be modified accordingly to fulfil detection at various wavelengths for different purposes. Organic phototransistors have attracted substantial interest in a variety of fields, namely biomedical, medical diagnostics, healthcare, energy, security, and environmental monitoring. Lightweight and mechanically flexible and wearable OPTs are suitable alternatives not only at clinical levels but also for point-of-care and home-assisted usage.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Aurones
Aurones are part of the wide family of polyphenols. More specifically, they may be acknowledged as the lower structural counterparts of the best-known flavones, a subclass of flavonoids.
  • 764
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Graphene-Based Nanocomposites
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Carbon atoms are bonded with a covalent sp2bond with a single free electron, which accounts for the conductivity of graphene. Graphene is attracting great interests from the physical, chemical, and biomedical fields as a novel nanomaterial with exceptional physical properties, including extremely high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical conductivity, high surface-to-volume ratio, remarkable mechanical strength, and biocompatibility.
  • 919
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Heterocyclic Crown Ethers
Crown ethers are heterocyclic compounds present as cyclic oligomers in their simple form. These are extremely versatile compounds exhibiting higher binding affinity towards metal ions, including s-block and transition metal ions. For example, 18-crown-6 has a cavity that fits the size of 4f transition metal ions and has reflected exceptional attraction for complexation with the lanthanide ions.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Nanocarriers for Sustainable Active Packaging
Lockdown has been installed due to the fast spread of COVID-19, and several challenges have occurred. Active packaging was considered a sustainable option for mitigating risks to food systems during COVID-19. Biopolymeric-based active packaging incorporating the release of active compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity represents an innovative solution for increasing shelf life and maintaining food quality during transportation from producers to consumers. However, food packaging requires certain physical, chemical, and mechanical performances, which biopolymers such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids have not satisfied. In addition, active compounds have low stability and can easily burst when added directly into biopolymeric materials. Due to these drawbacks, encapsulation into lipid-based, polymeric-based, and nanoclay-based nanocarriers has currently captured increased interest. Nanocarriers can protect and control the release of active compounds and can enhance the performance of biopolymeric matrices. 
  • 582
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Nanotechnologies for Drug Delivery to the Brain
Drug delivery to the brain has been one of the toughest challenges researchers have faced to develop effective treatments for brain diseases. Owing to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), only a small portion of administered drug can reach the brain. A consequence of that is the need to administer a higher dose of the drug, which, expectedly, leads to a variety of unwanted side effects. Research in a variety of different fields has been underway for the past couple of decades to address this very serious and frequently lethal problem. One area of research that has produced optimistic results in recent years is nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is the science birthed by fusing the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry and medicine into one. Many different types of nanomedicine-based drug-delivery systems are currently being studied for the sole purpose of improved drug delivery to the brain.
  • 718
  • 26 Jan 2022
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