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Topic Review
Applications of Polysaccharide Stalks in Didymosphenia geminata Diatom
Didymosphenia geminata is a species of freshwater diatom that is known as invasive and is propagating quickly around the world. The polysaccharide-based stalks of D. geminata enable versatile potential applications and use as a biopolymer, in drug delivery and wound healing, and as biocompatible scaffolding in cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, the polysaccharide nature of stalks and their metal-adsorption capacity allow them to have excellent wastewater remediation potential.
  • 616
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Fentanyl and Its New Analogs
Fentanyl is known as a synthetic narcotic analgesic, which can act as an agonist of opioid receptors, being about 100 times more potent than heroin or morphine.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Cyclodextrins
Due to their unique structural, physical and chemical properties, cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been of great interest to scientists and researchers in both academia and industry for over a century. Many of the industrial applications of cyclodextrins have arisen from their ability to encapsulate, either partially or fully, other molecules, especially organic compounds. Cyclodextrins are non-toxic oligopolymers of glucose that help to increase the solubility of organic compounds with poor aqueous solubility, can mask odors from foul-smelling compounds, and have been widely studied in the area of drug delivery. 
  • 6.3K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Extremophilic Fungi from Marine Environments
Marine environments are underexplored terrains containing fungi that produce a diversity of natural products given unique environmental pressures and nutrients. While bacteria are commonly the most studied microorganism for natural products in the marine world, marine fungi are also abundant but remain an untapped source of bioactive metabolites. Given that their terrestrial counterparts have been a source of many blockbuster antitumor agents and anti-infectives, including camptothecin, the penicillins, and cyclosporin A, marine fungi also have the potential to produce new chemical scaffolds as leads to potential drugs. Fungi are more phylogenetically diverse than bacteria and have larger genomes that contain many silent biosynthetic gene clusters involved in making bioactive compounds. However, less than 5% of all known fungi have been cultivated under standard laboratory conditions. While the number of reported natural products from marine fungi is steadily increasing, their number is still significantly lower compared to those reported from their bacterial counterparts.
  • 681
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Generation of Hierarchical Bicontinuous Morphology in Coinage Metals
The fundamental essence of material design lies in bringing together the competing aspects of a large specific surface area and rapid transport pathways. This review summarizes the recent advances in the strategies to create a hierarchical bicontinuous morphology in porous metals, focusing mainly on the hierarchical architectures in nanoporous gold. Understanding the advantages of generating hierarchical structures on distinct and well-defined length scales can play a huge role in solving problems in porous materials and can guide the synthesis of new materials for specific applications.
  • 473
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Polyphenols in Dental Applications
Polyphenols are a broad class of molecules extracted from plants and have a large repertoire of biological activities. Biomimetic inspiration from the effects of tea or red wine on the surface of cups or glass lead to the emergence of versatile surface chemistry with polyphenols. Owing to their hydrogen bonding abilities, coordination chemistry with metallic cations and redox properties, polyphenols are able to interact, covalently or not, with a large repertoire of chemical moieties, and can hence be used to modify the surface chemistry of almost all classes of materials.
  • 527
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
On-Demand Drug Delivery Systems Using Nanofibers
On-demand drug-delivery systems using nanofibers are extensively applicable for customized drug release based on target location and timing to achieve the desired therapeutic effects. A nanofiber formulation is typically created for a certain medication and changing the drug may have a significant impact on the release kinetics from the same delivery system. Nanofibers have several distinguishing features and properties, including the ease with which they may be manufactured, the variety of materials appropriate for processing into fibers, a large surface area, and a complex pore structure. Nanofibers with effective drug-loading capabilities, controllable release, and high stability have gained the interest of researchers owing to their potential applications in on-demand drug delivery systems.
  • 651
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Cellulose Derivatives-Based Dressings for Wound-Healing Management
Notwithstanding the progress regarding wound-healing management, the treatment of the majority of skin lesions still represents a serious challenge for biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, the attention of the researchers has turned to the development of novel materials based on cellulose derivatives. Cellulose derivatives are semi-synthetic biopolymers, which exhibit high solubility in water and represent an advantageous alternative to water-insoluble cellulose. These biopolymers possess excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, sustainability, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, thermo-gelling behavior, mechanical strength, abundance, low costs, antibacterial effect, and high hydrophilicity. They have an efficient ability to absorb and retain a large quantity of wound exudates in the interstitial sites of their networks and can maintain optimal local moisture. Cellulose derivatives also represent a proper scaffold to incorporate various bioactive agents with beneficial therapeutic effects on skin tissue restoration. Due to these suitable and versatile characteristics, cellulose derivatives are attractive and captivating materials for the development of multiple biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, such as wound dressings, drug delivery devices, and tissue engineering.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nanomaterials in Cell-Based Drug Delivery Systems
The combination of nanomaterials with cell-based drug delivery systems has shown tremendous advantages in cancer treatment.
  • 852
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants
The use of plants as therapeutic agents is part of the traditional medicine that is practiced by many indigenous communities in Ecuador.
  • 826
  • 29 Mar 2022
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