Topic Review
Antimicrobial Metallopharmaceuticals with Tridentate Schiff Bases
The azomethine group is the common structural feature of SBs, where the substituents can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic groups. The carbon atom of the C=Nimine bond is prone to nucleophilic addition, while the nitrogen atom possesses a highly reactive free electron pair that can form stable complexes with metal ions. SBs are among the most widely used organic compounds, showing a wide range of applications as intermediates in organic synthesis, chemosensors, and polymeric stabilizers, in the food, dye, and pigment industry, as well as as catalysts and, in recent years, for their recognized biological properties. The use of tridentate SBs ligands in different organometallic and coordination complexes containing main-group metals and transition metals has been an option to study the biological activity of new possible metallopharmaceuticals that contribute to increase activity and to counteract the effect of microbial resistance.
  • 512
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Nanomaterials
Incorporating antimicrobial nanocompounds into materials to prevent microbial adhesion or kill microorganisms has become an increasingly challenging strategy. Many studies have been conducted on the preparation of nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties against diseases caused by pathogens. 
  • 273
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Nanomaterials Based on Halloysite Clay Mineral
Bacterial infections represent one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Over the years, several nanomaterials with antibacterial properties have been developed. In this context, clay minerals, because of their intrinsic properties, have been efficiently used as antimicrobial agents since ancient times. Halloysite nanotubes are one of the emerging nanomaterials that have found application as antimicrobial agents in several fields. 
  • 424
  • 08 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins (AMPs)
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi in crops or during storage, transport and processing of food and feed commodities, which pose serious health risks for both humans and animals. The trend of mycotoxin contamination in food and feed has reached alarming levels. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) with antifungal activity are gaining much interest as natural antifungal compounds due to their properties such as structure diversity and function, antifungal spectrum, mechanism of action, high stability and the availability of biotechnological production methods. 
  • 540
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Peptides’ Natural Source
Antimicrobial peptides are made by lower and higher organisms responding to pathogenic challenges. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill the invading pathogens and modulate the innate immune response. They are commonly classified according to their sources, amino-acid-rich species, structural characteristics, and activities. In multicellular organisms and humans, they are localized into specific sites commonly exposed to microbes (i.e., mucosa epithelia and skin).
  • 401
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT)
Photodynamic inactivation is known as a new antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). It is based on the administration of a photosensitizer located in the bacterial/viral cell followed by exposure to light radiations (with a proper wavelength corresponding with the maximum value of absorption of the photosensitizer) that generate singlet oxygen or reactive oxygen species, which lead to the death of different microorganisms. This review will present an overview beyond the state-of-the-art of the photosensitizer types (based on tetra-p-sulphonated-phenyl porphyrin—TSPP, which is able to form cationic and J-aggregates forms at different pH values ((1–4) and concentrations around 10−5 M) and their applications of PDT for viruses, especially. 
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Polymer−Based Assemblies
An antimicrobial supramolecular assembly (ASA) is conspicuous in biomedical applications. Among the alternatives to overcome microbial resistance to antibiotics and drugs, ASAs, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and polymers (APs), provide formulations with optimal antimicrobial activity and acceptable toxicity. 
  • 571
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Polymeric Structures
Certain natural and synthetic polymers are versatile materials that have already proved themselves to be highly suitable for the development of the next-generation of antimicrobial systems that can efficiently prevent and kill microbes in various environments.
  • 662
  • 28 May 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Polymers
Antibiotic resistance has increased markedly in Gram-negative bacteria, causing severe infections intractable with traditional drugs and amplifying mortality and healthcare costs. Consequently, to find novel antimicrobial compounds, active on multidrug resistant bacteria, is mandatory. In this regard, cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs)—able to kill pathogens on contact—could represent an appealing solution. However, low selectivity, hemolytic toxicity and cost of manufacturing, hamper their massive clinical application. In the recent years—starting from CAMPs as template molecules—less toxic and lower-cost synthetic mimics of CAMPs, including cationic peptides, polymers and dendrimers, have been developed. Although the pending issue of hemolytic toxicity and biodegradability is still left not completely solved, cationic antimicrobial polymers (CAPs), compared to small drug molecules, thanks to their high molecular weight, own appreciable selectivity, reduced toxicity toward eukaryotic cells, more long-term activity, stability and non-volatility. With this background, an updated overview concerning the state of the art of the main manufactured types of CAPs, active on Gram-negative bacteria, is herein reported, including synthetic procedure and action’s mechanism. Information about the antibacterial activity, advantages and drawbacks of the most appealing compounds was also provided.
  • 1.7K
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Potential of Dithiocarbamates Complexes
Dithiocarbamates and their metal complexes have shown promising antimicrobial activities; the mechanisms responsible for the antimicrobial activity include their ability to act as enzyme inhibitors for (i) fungal, protozoan, and bacterial carbonic anhydrase and (ii) metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) in antibiotic resistant bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacteria.
  • 580
  • 25 Jun 2021
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