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Topic Review
Isoquinolone
Isoquinolones (isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones): the atom- and step-economic syntheses.
  • 892
  • 14 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Isopropyl Cyanide
Isopropyl cyanide is a complex organic molecule that has been recently found in several meteorites arrived from space. The singularity of this chemical is due to the fact that it is the only one among the molecules arriving from the universe that has a branched, rather than straight, carbon backbone which is larger than usual, in comparison with others.
  • 518
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Isomer
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formulae — that is, same number of atoms of each element — but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. Isomerism is existence or possibility of isomers. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties. Two main forms of isomerism are structural or constitutional isomerism, in which bonds between the atoms differ; and stereoisomerism or spatial isomerism, in which the bonds are the same but the relative positions of the atoms differ. Isomeric relationships form a hierarchy. Two chemicals might be the same constitutional isomer, but upon deeper analysis be stereoisomers of each other. Two molecules that are the same stereoisomer as each other might be in different conformational forms or be different isotopologues. The depth of analysis depends on the field of study or the chemical and physical properties of interest. The English word "isomer" (/ˈaɪsəmər/) is a back-formation from "isomeric", which was borrowed through German isomerisch from Swedish isomerisk; which in turn was coined from Greek ἰσόμερoς isómeros, with roots isos = "equal", méros = "part".
  • 967
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Isolation, Characterization, Modification, and Applications of PMS
Proso millet starch (PMS) as an unconventional and underutilized millet starch is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to its health-promoting properties. PMS can be isolated from proso millet grains by acidic, alkaline, or enzymatic extraction. PMS exhibits typical A-type polymorphic diffraction patterns and shows polygonal and spherical granular structures with a granule size of 0.3–17 µm. PMS is modified by chemical, physical, and biological methods. The native and modified PMS are analyzed for swelling power, solubility, pasting properties, thermal properties, retrogradation, freeze–thaw stability, and in vitro digestibility.
  • 479
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Isolated Marine Compounds with Antifungal Activity
The oceans represent the largest ecosystem on earth, with a high diversity of organisms. Oceans have received some attention, and promising compounds with antimicrobial activities were isolated from marine organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, sea cucumbers, sea sponges, etc. 
  • 546
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Isocyanoaminoanthracene
Isocyanoaminoarenes (ICAAr-s) are a novel and versatile group of solvatochromic fluorophores. Despite their versatile applicability, such as antifungals, cancer drugs and analytical probes, they still represent a mostly unchartered territory among intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) dyes.
  • 430
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Irradiation-Induced Amorphous-to-Crystalline Phase Transformations in Ceramic Materials
Ceramics are exposed to extreme irradiation environments in numerous applications, including nuclear fuels and claddings, immobilizing and storing nuclear waste, radiation shielding, space exploration and travel, and doping of semiconductors. In such environments, energetic particles impinging on crystalline ceramic materials lead to the creation of damage through various energy transfer mechanisms, culminating in changes to material microstructures, properties, and performance. Although crystalline ceramics have historically been used in practical irradiation-facing applications, amorphous ceramics have recently garnered interest for their unique properties and characteristics, including irradiation tolerance. Amorphous materials are purported to better resist irradiation than crystalline ceramics. The a-to-c transformations can be broadly categorized into three types: (1) athermal, resulting exclusively from either electron or ion irradiation of amorphous material, (2) resulting from the combined effects of heating and either ion or electron irradiation, or (3) epitaxial growth or recrystallization of an amorphous oxide due to ion or electron irradiation. 
  • 389
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Irosustat: Clinical Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitor
Irosustat: (6-oxo-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cyclohepta[c]chromen-3-yl) sulfamate; 6-oxo-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cyclohepta-(c)(1)benzopyran-3-O-sulfamate; also known as STX64, 667 Coumate, BN83495, Oristusane is a tricyclic synthetic clinical drug of the aryl sulfamate ester class, designed mainly for applications in oncology as a steroid sulfatase inhibitor and has shown clinical benefit in patients.
  • 953
  • 09 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Iron(II) Mediated Supramolecular Architectures
Supramolecular architectures, which are formed through the combination of inorganic metal cations and organic ligands by self-assembly, are one of the techniques in modern chemical science. This kind of multi-nuclear system in various dimensionalities can be implemented in various applications such as sensing, storage/cargo, display and molecular switching. Iron(II) mediated spin-crossover (SCO) supramolecular architectures with Schiff bases have attracted the attention of many investigators due to their structural novelty as well as their potential application possibilities.
  • 695
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Iron–Gold Hybrid Nanoparticles
The overview of the properties of bifunctional iron-gold nanoparticles, such as their structure, methods of syntheses and their desired applications in the biomedical field.
  • 698
  • 01 Jan 2022
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