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Topic Review
Rhenium in Biological Imaging
Rhenium (Re) is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Re has more valence electrons in its outer shell, allowing it to exist in a variety of oxidation states and to form different geometric configurations with many different ligands. The luminescence properties, lipophilicity, and cytotoxicity of complexes can be adjusted by changing the ligand of Re.
  • 413
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Diabetic Wound Healing
Nanofibrous scaffolds are artificial extracellular matrices that mimic the natural environment for tissue formation. This type of scaffold is more advantageous than other available variants because of its large surface-to-volume ratio, which leads to the efficient promotion of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. 
  • 419
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Ion-Imprinted Polymeric Materials
The introduction of selective recognition sites toward certain heavy metal ions (HMIs) is a great challenge, which has a major role when the separation of species with similar physicochemical features is considered. In this context, ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) developed based on the principle of molecular imprinting methodology, have emerged as an innovative solution. Advances in IIPs have shown that they exhibit higher selectivity coefficients than non-imprinted ones, which could support a large range of environmental applications starting from extraction and monitoring of HMIs to their detection and quantification. 
  • 535
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Chemically Activated Glass-Ionomer Cements as Bioactive Materials
Glass-ionomer cement (GIC) is a long-established restorative dental material with several clinical applications that have remained relevant because of the chemical adhesive bond it forms at the tooth-restoration interface and its fluoride-releasing and recharging properties. It was invented by Wilson and Kent in 1969 and successfully introduced into clinical practice in 1972. Chemically activated GICs, commonly referred to as conventional GICs, typically consist of ion-leachable glasses based on calcium or strontium alumino-fluorosilicate and weak polymeric water-soluble acids of polyacrylic acid (PAA) homopolymer, or acrylic acid, maleic/itaconic acid copolymer. They set by an acid-base reaction, and the setting reaction is initiated by mixing glass powder and polymeric acids. 
  • 856
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Ethyl Acetate Hydrogenation
Ethyl acetate hydrogenation is the reverse reaction of ethanol dehydrogenation. Tuthenium complexes acting in homogeneous phase, at very low temperatures, promote both ethanol dehydrogenation and ethylacetate hydrogenation.
  • 912
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Acyl Oxime Ester
The synthetic strategies of oxime derivatives participating in radical-type reactions have been rapidly developed in the last few decades. Among them, the N–O bond cleavage of oxime esters leading to formation of nitrogen-centered radicals triggers adjacent C–C bond cleavage to produce carbon-centered free radicals, which has been virtually used in organic synthesis in recent years.
  • 770
  • 29 Mar 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
The Production of Isophorone
Isophorone is a technically important compound used as a high-boiling-point solvent for coatings, adhesives, etc., and it is used as a starting material for various valuable compounds, including isophorone diisocyanate, a precursor for polyurethanes. For over 80 years, isophorone has been synthesized via base-catalyzed self-condensation of acetone. This reaction has a complex reaction mechanism with numerous possible reaction steps including the formation of isophorone, triacetone dialcohol, and ketonic resins. This review provides an overview of the different production processes of isophorone in liquid- and vapor-phase and reviews the literature-reported selectivity toward isophorone achieved using different reaction parameters and catalysts.
  • 644
  • 29 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles in Bioimaging
Applications of nanotechnology have expanded into different branches of the biomedical field. Efforts are continually being made towards the development of unique nanoparticles (=NPs) which can overcome limitations of traditional therapeutics and, hence, are able to improve management of diseases. Large surface area-to-volume ratios of NPs provide a platform for easy chemical functionalization for excellent interaction with biological systems. Among the broad range of NPs studied for biomedical applications, metal sulfide nanoparticles (=MxSy-NPs) have been the focus of several studies. In addition to properties found at the nanoscale, MxSy-NPs also exhibit favorable properties such as light conversion, Fenton catalysis, immune activation and radiation enhancement. The lower electronegativity of sulfur in comparison to oxygen makes MxSy-NPs naturally versatile in comparison to highly exploited metal oxide ones. The versatility of MxSy-NPs becomes evident by the fact that they can be successfully used for various applications including different types of imaging and therapy, often alone or in combination with other materials to enhance their intended application.
  • 407
  • 29 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Manufacturing Techniques of Auxetic Structures
This text will address the additive manufacturing of auxetic materials. As it is known, auxetic structures are materials with unique mechanical behavior associated with negative Poisson ratio. Although AXS configurations combined with various types of materials have a wide range of applications, the characteristic re-entrant geometric model of AXSs imposes significant limitations and difficulties in assembling the lattice structure using conventional manufacturing methods. However, additive manufacturing has shown to be a promising option for producing auxetic materials, overcoming the challenges presented by conventional manufacturing. Therefore, the development of auxetic materials through additive manufacturing is an ever-evolving field that presents great potential for a variety of industrial sectors.
  • 474
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Anomalous Properties of Cyclodextrins
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides that emerged as industrial excipients in the early 1970s and are currently found in at least 130 marketed pharmaceutical products, in addition to numerous other consumer products. Although CDs have been the subject of close to 100,000 publications since their discovery, and although their structure and properties appear to be trivial, CDs are constantly surprising investigators by their unique physicochemical properties. In aqueous solutions, CDs are solubilizing complexing agents of poorly soluble drugs while they can also act as organic cosolvents like ethanol. CDs and their complexes self-assemble in aqueous solutions to form both nano- and microparticles. The nanoparticles have diameters that are well below the wavelength of visible light; thus, the solutions appear to be clear. However, the nanoparticles can result in erroneous conclusions and misinterpretations of experimental results. CDs can act as penetration enhancers, increasing drug permeation through lipophilic membranes, but they do so without affecting the membrane barrier.
  • 277
  • 27 Mar 2023
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