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Topic Review
Robitussin
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal. While they have been used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada or the United States in children six years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm. One version with codeine, guaifenesin, and pseudoephedrine was the 213th most commonly prescribed medication in 2017, in the United States, with more than two million prescriptions.
  • 543
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Dynamics
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo morphological changes in order to adapt to cellular demands. These changes are orchestrated by the coordinated cycles of fusion and fission, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, and dysregulation of these processes contributes to disease development. 
  • 542
  • 19 May 2021
Topic Review
Silicon Lattice With Single Vacancy
The effect of vacancy defects on the structure and mechanical properties of semiconductor silicon materials is of great significance to the development of novel microelectronic materials and the processes of semiconductor sensors.
  • 542
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
6-formyl-indolo(3,2-b)carbazole
6-formyl-indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) (chemical formula C19H12N2O) is a nitrogen heterocycle, having an extremely high affinity (Kd = 7 x 10-11M) for binding to the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). It was originally identified as a photooxidized derivative of the amino acid tryptophan and suggested to be the endogenous liagand of the AhR.
  • 542
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Plastic Waste Upcycling Approaches
Plastic waste pollution, including non-biodegradable landfills, leaching of toxic chemicals into soil and waterways, and emission of toxic gases into the atmosphere, is significantly affecting our environment. Conventional plastic waste recycling approaches generally produce lower-value materials compared to the original plastic or recover inefficient heat energy. Lately, upcycling or the valorization approach has emerged as a sustainable solution to transform plastic waste into value-added products.
  • 542
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Chitosan-Containing Composite Materials for Adsorption and Catalysis
Composite materials including organic–inorganic systems have drawn special attention due to their enhanced properties such as adsorbents and heterogeneous catalysts. At the same time, large-scale production of environmentally benign functionalized biopolymers, such as chitosan (CS), allows for constantly developing new materials, since CS reveals remarkable properties as a stabilizing agent for metal-containing compounds and enzymes and as an adsorbent of organic molecules. 
  • 542
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Nanoencapsulated Phase-Change Materials
Phase-change materials (PCMs) are becoming more widely acknowledged as essential elements in thermal energy storage, greatly aiding the pursuit of lower building energy consumption and the achievement of net-zero energy goals. PCMs are frequently constrained by their subpar heat conductivity, despite their expanding importance. 
  • 542
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Metal-Organic Frameworks in Bioanalysis
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel materials composed of metal ions or clusters in coordination with organic linkers. Unequivocally, MOFs are gaining more and more attention in analytical chemistry due to their superior properties, including high surface area and tunability of pore size and functionality.
  • 541
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
NF Mercerization/Alkali Surface Treatment
The benefits of using natural fibres (NFs) such as Coir, flax, hemp, and bast fibres as a reinforcement in polymer composites than synthetic fibres, are low cost, lower density, more recyclable and have greater “biodegradability”. Alkali treatment is used to breaking down the bundles of fibres into individual fibres. This process results in an increased aspect ratio of the smaller fibre particles and makes the fibre surface rough, which helps in increasing the interfacial bonding between fibre and the matrix material. Alkali treatment is an effective surface treatment method, helpful in removing some amount of lignin, impurities, which covers the fibre surface, depolymerize the cellulose structures. The main problem in the development of the NF composite is their less adhesion ability with the matrix. Mercerization is one of the best ways to improve fibre-matrix adhesion. Because of the hydrophilic nature of the fibre, Chemical treatment is found to be one of the great solutions that make the fibre surface rough and removes fatty deposits from the fibre called “xyloses”. Alkali treatment results in the rough fibre surface and enhances the fibre surface area, leading to the excellent interlocking with the matrix.
  • 541
  • 15 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Factors Affecting NCGs Removal
Bast fiber plants require a post-harvest process to yield useable natural cellulosic fibers, denoted as retting or degumming. It encompasses the degradation of the cell wall’s non-cellulosic gummy substances (NCGs), facilitating fibers separations, setting the fiber’s quality, and determining downstream usages. Due to the inconvenience of traditional retting practices, bacterial inoculum and enzyme applications for retting gained attention. Therefore, concurrent changes of agroclimatic and socioeconomic conditions, the conventional water retting confront multiple difficulties, bast industries become vulnerable, and bacterial agents mediated augmented bio-retting processes trying to adapt to sustainability. However, this process’s success demands a delicate balance among substrates and retting-related biotic and abiotic factors. These critical factors were coupled to degrade bast fibers NCGs in bacterial retting while holistically disregarded in basic research. In this study, a set of factors were defined that critically regulates the process and requires to be comprehended to achieve optimum retting without failure. 
  • 541
  • 24 Aug 2021
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