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Topic Review
Heteroaromatic Diazirines in Material and Medicinal Chemistry
In materials (polymer) science and medicinal chemistry, heteroaromatic derivatives play the role of the central skeleton in development of novel devices and discovery of new drugs. On the other hand, (3-trifluoromethyl)phenyldiazirine (TPD) is a crucial chemical method for understanding biological processes such as ligand–receptor, nucleic acid–protein, lipid–protein, and protein–protein interactions. In particular, use of TPD has increased in materials science to create novel electric and polymer devices with comparative ease and reduced costs. Therefore, a combination of heteroaromatics and (3-trifluoromethyl)diazirine is a promising option for creating better materials and elucidating the unknown mechanisms of action of bioactive heteroaromatic compounds.
  • 570
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Design and Challenges of Antibiotic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Antibiotics constitute one of the emerging categories of persistent organic pollutants, characterised by their expansion of resistant pathogens. Antibiotic pollutants create a major public health challenge, with already identifiable detrimental effects on human and animal health. A fundamental aspect of controlling and preventing the spread of pollutants is the continuous screening and monitoring of environmental samples. Molecular imprinting is a state-of-the-art technique for designing robust biomimetic receptors called molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which mimic natural biomolecules in target-selective recognition. When integrated with an appropriate sensor transducer, MIP demonstrates a potential for the needed environmental monitoring, thus justifying the observed rise in interest in this field of research. 
  • 569
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Reduction of Graphene Oxide by L-aa
The reduced form of graphene oxide (r-GO) represents a versatile precursor to obtain graphene-like materials. GO consists in a layered material based on a carbon skeleton functionalized by different oxygen-containing groups, while r-GO is obtained by the almost complete removal of  these oxygen-containing functional groups. The r-GO has mechanical, electrical, and optical properties quite similar to graphene, thus it proves to be a convenient 2D material useful for many technological applications. Consequently, the availability of effective soft-chemistry approaches based on  a green reducing agent for converting GO to r-GO are strongly needed. Among the green reductants the most suitable is the L-ascorbic acid (L-aa).
  • 569
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bulk and Microfluidic-Based pH Sensors
The determination of pH is of paramount importance in environmental, pharmaceutical, and medicinal sciences, etc., for accurate controlling, monitoring, and adjusting whole processes on microscale and macroscale. Therefore, the pH measurements have drawn continuous efforts from a great deal of research. The bulk pH determination can tackle part of the demands from laboratories and industrial applications.
  • 569
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
S-PRG Filler for Dental Treatment and Care
Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler, which releases strontium (Sr2+), borate (BO33−), fluoride (F−), sodium (Na+), silicate (SiO32−), and aluminum (Al3+) ions at high concentrations, is a unique glass filler that are utilized in dentistry. Because of its multiple-ion releasing characteristics, S-PRG filler exhibits several bioactivities such as tooth strengthening, acid neutralization, promotion of mineralization, inhibition of bacteria and fungi, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, and enhancement of cell activity. Therefore, S-PRG filler per se and S-PRG filler-containing materials have the potential to be beneficial for various dental treatments and care.
  • 569
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Nucleation and Growth of Biominerals
Biominerals are extraordinary materials that provide organisms with a variety of functions to support life. The synthesis of biominerals and organization at the macroscopic level is a consequence of the interactions of these materials with proteins. The association of biominerals and proteins is very ancient and has sparked a wealth of research across biological, medical and material sciences. Calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite, and silica represent widespread natural biominerals. The atomic details of the interface between macromolecules and these biominerals is very intriguing from a chemical perspective, considering the association of chemical entities that are structurally different.
  • 568
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Polysaccharide-Based Biodegradable Films
Packaging can mitigate the physical, chemical, and microbiological phenomena that affects food products’ quality and acceptability. However, the use of conventional packaging from non-renewable fossil sources generates environmental damage caused by the accumulation of non-biodegradable waste. Biodegradable films emerge as alternative biomaterials which are ecologically sustainable and offer protection and increase food product shelf life.
  • 568
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Medicinally Viable Plants of the Genus Tylophora
Plants of the genus Tylophora have commonly been used in traditional medicine in various communities, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of climatic zones. Of the nearly 300 species reported in the Tylophora genus, eight are primarily used in various forms to treat a variety of bodily disorders based on the symptoms. Certain plants from the genus have found use as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidant, smooth muscle relaxant, immunomodulatory, and anti-plasmodium agents, as well as free-radical scavengers. Pharmacologically, a few plant species from the genus have exhibited broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity, which has been proven through experimental evaluations. Some of the plants in the genus have also helped in alcohol-induced anxiety amelioration and myocardial damage repair. The plants belonging to the genus have also shown diuretic, anti-asthmatic, and hepato-protective activities. Tylophora plants have afforded diverse structural bases for secondary metabolites, mainly belonging to phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, which have been found to treat several diseases with promising pharmacological activity levels. 
  • 568
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Cement-Based Piezoelectric Ceramic Composites
Compatibility, a critical issue between sensing material and host structure, significantly influences the detecting performance (e.g., sensitive, signal-to-noise ratio) of the embedded sensor. To address this issue in concrete-based infrastructural health monitoring, cement-based piezoelectric composites (piezoelectric ceramic particles as a function phase and cementitious materials as a matrix) have attracted continuous attention in the past two decades, dramatically exhibiting superior durability, sensitivity, and compatibility.
  • 567
  • 13 May 2021
Topic Review
Engineering Nicotinamide Cofactors for Continuous-Flow Biocatalysis
Nicotinamide cofactors represent the most common low-potential redox cofactor used in biocatalysis. Although a promising approach, cofactor immobilization depends on the chemical modification of the cofactor to enable the formation of a covalent bond between the cofactor and its flexible linker. The chemical modification of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H remains challenging, and the major routes used to achieve it are reviewed herein.
  • 567
  • 29 Nov 2022
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