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Topic Review
Ni-Based Bimetallic Catalysts
Metallic Ni shows high activity for a variety of hydrogenation reactions due to its intrinsically high capability for H2 activation, but it suffers from low chemoselectivity for target products when two or more reactive functional groups are present on one molecule. Modification by other metals changes the geometric and electronic structures of the monometallic Ni catalyst, providing an opportunity to design Ni-based bimetallic catalysts with improved activity, chemoselectivity, and durability.
  • 711
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Graphene Quantum Dots–Nanocellulose Composite
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are zero-dimensional carbon-based materials, while nanocellulose is a nanomaterial that can be derived from naturally occurring cellulose polymers or renewable biomass resources. The unique geometrical, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties of both these remarkable nanomaterials have caught the attention of the scientific community in terms of fundamental research to advanced technology. Studies have shown that the hybridisation of these novel materials not only improves existing applications but provides additional advantages as well as further improves desirable features, all of which are unattainable if GQDs and nanocellulose are used individually. Therefore, this advantageous composite material warrants remarkable applications. Potential applications for GQDs-nanocellulose composites include sensing or for analytical purposes, injectable 3D printing materials, supercapacitors, and light-emitting diodes. 
  • 711
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Electronic Structure of SnO2
Tin oxide (SnO2) is a versatile n-type semiconductor with a wide bandgap of 3.6 eV that varies as a function of its polymorph, i.e., rutile, cubic or orthorhombic. Bulk SnO2 has a bandgap of ~~3.6 eV; however, experimental bandgaps range from 1.7 eV to 4 eV, thereupon widening its range of applications to photovoltaics and photocatalysis. Bandgap engineering is widely studied in SnO2, as it belongs to the family of transparent conducting oxides (TCO). Additionally, bandgaps can be controlled via parameters, such as synthesis routes and the application of a substrate-induced strain for thin-film growth that simultaneously produce intrinsic defects and structural changes. 
  • 711
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Design and Synthesis of Polyphosphodiesters
Polyacids containing –P(O)(OH)– fragment in the polymer backbone, or polyphosphodiesters (PPDEs), hold a special place among natural and synthetic polymers. The structural similarity of PPDEs to natural nucleic and teichoic acids, biocompatibility of PPDEs and their mimicking to biomolecules providing the ‘stealth effect’, high bone mineral affinity of PPDEs, and adjustable hydrolytic stability of PPDEs are the basis for various biomedical, industrial and household applications. Actual synthetic approaches to PPDEs are based on incredibly rich chemistry of organic phosphates and phosphonates, and include modern techniques such as catalytic ring-opening polymerization (ROP), acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polycondensation, and others.
  • 711
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Bone Regenerative
Background: Preservation of the alveolar bone is determinant in the outcome of orthodontic treatment. Alveolar bone defects or decrease of its height and width may occur due to common reasons such as inflammation, tooth extraction or cleft lip and palate. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate and appraise the quality of the most up to date available evidence regarding the applications and effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in orthodontics. Methods: This study was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the following databases: Medline via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection and EMBASE. The qualitative assessment of the included studies was performed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and ROBINS-I guidelines. Results: From a total of 489 studies, 9 studies were selected. The majority of the included studies demonstrate that autogenous anterior iliac graft with PRF had higher amount of newly formed bone. Furthermore, this review also suggests that application of platelets derivatives in the extraction socket can accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusion: Despite the limitations in the included studies, this systematic review suggested that PRF can improve alveolar cleft reconstruction and orthodontic tooth movement.
  • 711
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Adsorptive Membrane for Boron Removal
The complexity of removing boron compounds from aqueous systems has received serious attention among researchers and inventors in the water treating industry. This is due to the higher level of boron in the aquatic ecosystem, which is caused by the geochemical background and anthropogenic factors. The gradual increase in the distribution of boron for years can become extremely toxic to humans, terrestrial organisms and aquatic organisms. Numerous methods of removing boron that have been executed so far can be classified under batch adsorption, membrane-based processes and hybrid techniques. Conventional water treatments such as coagulation, sedimentation and filtration do not significantly remove boron, and special methods would have to be installed in order to remove boron from water resources. The blockage of membrane pores by pollutants in the available membrane technologies not only decreases their performance but can make the membranes prone to fouling. Therefore, the surface-modifying flexibility in adsorptive membranes can serve as an advantage to remove boron from water resources efficiently. These membranes are attractive because of the dual advantage of adsorption/filtration mechanisms. 
  • 711
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Preparation of Organosiloxane Telechelics by Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization
Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) telechelics are important both in industry and in academic research. They are used both in the free state and as part of copolymers and cross-linked materials. The most important, practically used, and well-studied method for the preparation of such PDMS is diorganosiloxane ring-opening polymerization (ROP) in the presence of nucleophilic or electrophilic initiators. Cationic ROP is also of interest for the preparation of functional PDMS. The advantage of this process is that it can be carried out at a relatively low temperature, the catalyst can be easily deactivated, and the process can also be used to synthesize polysiloxanes having base-sensitive substituents such as Si–H or Si–(CH2)3–SH.
  • 710
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Nanocarbon-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites
Nanocarbon materials have attracted the interest of researchers due to their excellent properties. Nanocarbon-based flame retardant polymer composites have enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties compared with traditional flame retardant composites. 
  • 710
  • 12 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
In order to develop highly efficient and stable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that do not contain precious metals, it is necessary to modify carbon nanotubes (CNT) and define the effect of the modification on their activity in the ORR. 
  • 710
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Nanocomposite Membranes for Liquid/Gas Separations
One of the critical aspects in designing nanocomposite membrane is the selection of a well-matched pair of nanomaterials and a polymer matrix that suits their intended application. By making use of the fascinating flexibility of nanoscale materials, the functionalities of the resultant nanocomposite membranes can be tailored. The unique features demonstrated by nanomaterials are closely related to their dimensions, hence a greater attention is deserved for this critical aspect.
  • 710
  • 25 Nov 2020
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