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Topic Review
Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants
The use of plants as therapeutic agents is part of the traditional medicine that is practiced by many indigenous communities in Ecuador.
  • 822
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers
Electrospun polymer nanofibers constitute one of the most important nanomaterials with diverse applications. Nanofibers are classified as fibers with a ratio of length to thickness in the order of one thousand, or nanomaterials that have at least one dimension of 100 nm or less. A nanofiber with a diameter of ∼100 nm can have a specific surface area up to 1000 m2/g. Nanofibers can be produced by selecting the proper combination of polymers and additives, and using appropriate production techniques based on several essential characteristics that impact criteria of the intended particular application area. Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers is a widely used for investigation of their properties for uses in quite diverse applications. Attractive properties of electrospun nanofibers include the extremely high specific surface area, high porosity (typically 90%), light weight, controllable pore size, flexibility in surface functionalities, large permeability, excellent mechanical properties, high aspect ratio, and length up to many centimeters. Due to their exceptional characteristics, electrospun polymer nanofibers are used in many applications, which include biomedical technology, such as tissue engineering, wound healing and dressing, and drug delivery systems. In addition they have diverse uses in  sensors and biosensors applications, air filtration, defense applications, energy devices and protective textiles.
  • 822
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Visual pH Sensors
The pH sensors are gaining widespread attention as non-destructive tools, visible to the human eye, and are capable of real-time and in-situ response.
  • 821
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Catalysts Used in Pollutant Ozonation
The objective of this study was to summarize the results obtained in a wide research project carried out for more than 15 years on the catalytic activity of di erent catalysts (activated carbon, metal–carbon xerogels/aerogels, iron-doped silica xerogels, ruthenium metal complexes, reduced graphene oxide-metal oxide composites, and zeolites) in the photooxidation (by using UV or solar radiation) and ozonation of water pollutants, including herbicides, naphthalenesulfonic acids, sodium para-chlorobenzoate, nitroimidazoles, tetracyclines, parabens, sulfamethazine, sodium diatrizoate, cytarabine, and surfactants. All catalysts were synthesized and then texturally, chemically, and electronically characterized using numerous experimental techniques, including N2 and CO2 adsorption, mercury porosimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray di raction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, di use reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The behavior of these materials as photocatalysts and ozonation catalysts was related to their characteristics, and the catalytic mechanisms in these advanced oxidation processes were explored. Investigations were conducted into the e ects on pollutant degradation, total organic carbon reduction, and water toxicity of operational variables and the presence of di erent chemical species in ultrapure, surface, ground, and wastewaters. Finally, a review is provided of the most recent and relevant published studies on photocatalysis and catalyzed ozonation in water treatments using similar catalysts to those examined in our project.
  • 821
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Modifications Approaches of Potato Constituents
There are various physical, chemical, and biochemical modifications approaches for potato constituents. Physical modifications to alter the physicochemical properties of powders including starches and proteins are e.g., hydrothermal treatment, irradiation, ultrasonication and high-pressure treatment. Starches and proteins, which have been modified via physical methods do not have to be claimed as “modified”. Physical modification is also viewed as cost-efficient and environmentally friendly, because no hazardous substances (chemicals) are used. Chemical modifications refer to the substitution, cross-linking or degradation of a polymer via chemical reaction. Starch contains a large number of hydroxyl groups, and proteins contain a variety of different functional groups (hydroxyl-, carboxyl-, amine groups, etc.). These functional groups can be used as reactive sides for chemical modification reactions such as acylation, esterification, etherification, cross-linking, grafting, acid hydrolysis and oxidation. Biochemical modifications of starches and proteins including enzymatic substitution, cross-linking or hydrolysis are usually regarded as a clean or green alternative to chemical modification. Throughout the different biochemical modification methods, substrate specific enzymes can be used such as in enzymatic de-/branching modification, where the branched structure of potato starch can be altered to effect starch crystallinity and thus its properties.
  • 820
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Mitotane Lipid Nanocarriers and Enantiomers
Emerging studies suggested that the S-(-)-mitotane is more potent than the R-(+)-mitotane for AdrenoCortical Carcinoma (ACC) treatment. Currently, mitotane is the only FDA-approved drug . Therefore, we suggest that the production of pure and active S-(-)-mitotane might offer synergic or additive benefits for ACC patients, and even better if combined to solid lipid-based nanocarriers, and smart/advanced nanocarriers. 
  • 820
  • 08 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Agri-Food Wastes for Bioplastics
Agri-food wastes (such as brewer’s spent grain, olive pomace, residual pulp from fruit juice production, etc.) are produced annually in very high quantities posing a serious problem, both environmentally and economically. These wastes can be used as secondary starting materials to produce value-added goods within the principles of the circular economy. Agri-food waste is produced in large quantities and derives from many sources (from breweries, from the pressing of olives, from the production of fruit and vegetables, etc.). Consequently, the problem of their disposal arises both from the point of view of costs and means. However, precisely because these wastes represent a great added value for the substances they contain and which can be exploited, it is profitable to reuse and recycle them.
  • 820
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Cellulose Alcoholysis to Alkyl-levulinate Biofuels
Alkyl levulinates (ALs) represent outstanding bio-fuels and strategic bio-products within the context of the marketing of levulinic acid derivatives. In order to promote the market for these bio-products and, concurrently, the immediate development of new applications, it is necessary to speed up the intensification of their production processes. In this regard, today, it is possible to achieve this important issue only by using low-cost or, even better, waste biomasses, as starting feedstocks. Thus, the transition to the real biomass now represents a necessary choice for allowing the next ALs production on a larger scale. The improvement of the available synthetic strategies, the use of raw materials and the development of new applications for ALs can contribute to develop more intensified, greener and sustainable processes. 
  • 820
  • 16 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Advanced manufacturing and additive printing technologies have made incredible inroads into the fields of engineering, transportation, and healthcare. Among additive manufacturing technologies, 3D printing is gradually emerging as a powerful technique owing to a combination of attractive features, such as fast prototyping, fabrication of complex designs/structures, minimization of waste generation, and easy mass customization. 
  • 819
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Withaferin A
Withaferin A (WFA) was identified as the most active phytocompound of the plant Withania somnifera (WS) and as having multiple therapeutic/ameliorating properties (anticancer, antiangiogenic, anti-invasive, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, etc.) in case of various diseases.
  • 819
  • 04 May 2021
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